Abstract: Relates to an outer or top coating for water retention structures that comprises a water insoluble fluorescent compound that is invisible to the human eye under normal lighting conditions but which will fluoresce or glow and be visible to the human eye when illuminated with an ultraviolet or infrared radiation source.

Abstract: A method of securing elongated lengths of lighting track in the aggregate coping face of a liner type swimming pool. The method includes applying double sided adhesive tape to a shelf face of a form board utilized to define the cross-sectional contour of coping to be poured. The track is removably mounted adhesively against the tape and retained thereat until after curing of the aggregate has been completed. Following curing of the aggregate, the form board is removed to expose the face of the track in the face of the coping.

Abstract: A swimming pool wall is constructed with a partially removable form. The form includes a removable panel for molding an inside surface of the pool wall and a continuous sheet for molding an outside surface of the wall. Sleeves are attached to an outer face of the panel for suspending the panel from partially buried stakes. A series of regularly spaced uprights support the continuous sheet. Braces carried by the uprights space the continuous sheet apart from an inner face of the panel, forming a cavity for pouring the swimming pool wall. Fasteners extend through mounting holes in the panel for removably attaching the panel to the braces.

Abstract: A method of constructing arcuate cement stairs in a pool includes (a) attaching a first arcuate form having a first form radius to the wall of the pool; (b) attaching a second arcuate form having a second form radius smaller than the first form radius to the wall in a plane above the first arcuate form; (c) attaching to the wall of the pool, inwardly of the first form, a first arcuate support band having a radius generally corresponding to the first form radius, the first band remaining in place when the first form is removed, and attaching to the wall of the pool, inwardly of the second form, a second arcuate support band having a radius generally corresponding to the second form radius, the second band remaining in place when the second form is removed; (d) pouring a curable cement-containing material into the space between the forms and the wall to form stairs; and (e) removing the arcuate forms to provide the stairs.

Abstract: A method for forming cementitious material, such as gunite or the like, to a desired cross-sectional profile for an interior structure such as a swimming pool, skateboard bowl or the like. A forming assembly includes a cutting edge, which is formed so as to correspond to the final desired profile of the structure. The forming assembly is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis substantially coincident with the center of the structure being formed. In this manner, when the cementitious material is applied to the side walls and bottom of the excavation to a depth slightly greater than that as finally desired, and the forming assembly pivoted 360.degree. about its pivot axis, the final desired cross-sectional profile of the structure is attained due to the action of the forming assembly striking off the excess material applied to the excavation.

Abstract: An adjustable floor drain apparatus having an outer cylindrically shaped body with threads on the inside thereof attached to the top of a drain pipe. A cylindrical member is disposed inside of the outer body so that concrete can be poured around the cylindrical member and the concrete will not enter the outer body. An inner cylindrically shaped body having threads on the exterior thereof is provided for mating with the inside threads on the outer body whereby the inner body can be threaded into the outer body and whereby the top thereof can be adjusted up or down to conform to the height of the finished floor. A ring is adapted to engage the top of the inner body and the ring has a partially spherical surface around the lower periphery thereof which contacts the top of the inner body which also has a complementary shaped partial spherical surface thereon for providing a mating slideable joint between the ring and the inner body. The ring is adjustably attached to the inner body.

Abstract: An improved system is provided for separation of contiguous concrete portions of a structure. This separation is advantageous in reducing structural failure caused by earth settlement, frost upheaval or excessive underground water pressure by allowing each section of an in-ground concrete structure affected to freely float independent of each other, thereby eliminating the effects of stress on the structure. The system has particular utility in forming a deck surrounding a swimming pool and may be used in conjunction with a form which is temporarily secured near the top on the vertical pool wall to receive the concrete forming the pool. The separator system is used at the interface at the top (on the bond beam) of the pool wall and under the deck and comprises an adapter and clip fastener.

Abstract: Formwork (15) for moulding walls of reservoirs in any desired curved configuration. The formwork utilizes a flexible panel (18) having a form surface (17) on one side against which the reservoir wall may be moulded and connector means (37) on the other side for connecting adjustable bracing (36) thereto for holding the formwork in position. The bracing may be adjusted to vary the curvature of the formwork.

Abstract: A system for use in swimming pool construction for temporarily holding a rounded coping to a wall form during pouring of concrete, making the coping a permanent part of the swimming pool but permitting quick removal of the wall form, includes, at intervals, a lag screw rotatably mounted on the top of the wall form in position for the threaded pointed end of the lag screw to engage a vinyl liner slot in the coping, and when rotated to draw the coping against the wall form. To prevent the screw from "walking" in the slot when rotated and to assure coping level, an even coping line and straight wall construction, a coping alignment track on the wall form has a lateral protrusion fitted into the vinyl liner slot and length extending longitudinally of the coping from one lag screw to the next.

Abstract: A system of forms for pouring a concrete bond beam, curb and gutter in the construction of a concrete swimming pool to have waterline and curb tiles in place. A set of form boards is provided which define the bond beam waterline, gutter line and curb line. Each form board includes a panel of styrofoam rabbetted to temporarily hold, by means of adhesive tape, a plurality of tiles. The form boards are maintained in a preselected spacing by a plurality of transverse support frames temporarily attached to the form boards. Concrete is poured into the assembled forms to form the bond beam having a gutter and curb, and adheres to the back of the tiles. Upon removal of the form system, the bond beam with attached tiles is ready for finishing. The form system is reusable.

Abstract: A semi-rigid pool coping form board of the type which is temporarily adhered on the generally vertical surface of a pool mouth-bounding structure to project a uniform height above the generally horizontal upper surface of that bounding structure is provided where its basal feet adjoin its coping inner edge-molding concave surface with an integral bead. At regular intervals, the bead is replaced by a spring clip with a similarly shaped nose. Each spring clip is rooted in the foam board to a standard depth with the aid of a stop shoulder and an adhesive. By locating in, snapping into and filling the liner track channel mouth the bead/spring clip structure automatically locates the form boards heightwise in relation to the pool mouth-bounding structure, provides an easy to use and effective secondary securement system for the form boards and keeps the pool liner track channel so free of cement that any clean-up needed is minor.

Abstract: The specification discloses a pool wall assembly including first and second pool wall panels and a brace supporting the panels. Structure is included for securing the brace to only the first panel so that the first panel and brace may be aligned together prior to the securement of the second panel. Structure is also included for securing the second panel to at least one of the first panel and the brace. An anchor assembly secures the brace in position. The anchor assembly includes a stake which extends through and slidingly engages the brace and a wedge, telescopically received in the stake, which can be moved with respect to the stake into forcible engagement with the brace to maintain the brace in position. Each panel includes an integral bead extending from the lower portion of its face to define the line to which the pool side wall overlap extends. Also disclosed is a method of erecting a pool wall using the structure disclosed.

Abstract: A poured concrete forming system for spa pools, and the like, comprises a form having two collapsible form members each having a closed perimeter. The lower form is shaped to fit within the perimeter of the upper form, and is positioned directly thereunder. A reinforcing grid is mounted within the upper form to securely retain the upper form panels in the preselected configuration, and also suspendingly supports the lower form. The assembled forms are set into a reservoir, such as a hole in the ground, and concrete may be poured about the form to create a monolithic spa pool construction.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for forming the deck and associated coping of a pool. The pool defines and encloses a central area for receiving and retaining water and includes a substantially vertical wall; a horizontal support surface adjacent to and intersecting the pool wall to define a horizontal edge at the top of the wall; a flexible sheet of waterproof material for lining the pool, the liner having a peripheral edge; and a liner retainer secured to and extending continuously along the horizontal support surface adjacent the horizontal edge of the pool wall and having a channel extending along the length thereof contoured to receive the peripheral edge of the liner, the channel opening toward the central area of the pool. The improved apparatus includes a continuous strip of semirigid material and an elongate member for supporting the strip.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for forming the deck and associated coping of a pool. The pool defines and encloses a central area for receiving and retaining water and includes a substantially vertical wall and a generally horizontal bond surface adjacent the wall, the bond surface and pool wall intersecting at and defining a horizontal edge along the upper portion of the pool wall. The improved apparatus comprises a continuous strip of semirigid material and an elongate support member for maintaining the strip of material in position against the upper portion of the pool wall.

Abstract: A structure formed of semi-rigid material including a set of first form units, of rectangular cross-section, adapted to be secured in end-to-end relation about the margin of a pool with their upper edges being flush with the upper edge of the pool wall, each first form unit having at least two transversely extending plugs capable of receiving nails which are driven therethrough and into the rim of the pool wall; and further including a second set of form units, of rectangular cross-section and of greater width than the first form units so as to project thereabove to provide an edge form for a deck slab poured on the upper edge of the pool wall, the confronting surfaces of the form units being attached by pressure sensitive adhesive strips, whereby the second form units are strippable from the first form units to expose the edge of the deck slab for finishing with an appropriate hand tool.

Abstract: A method of forming walls for pools, waterfalls and the like having surfaces accurately simulating material surfaces, such as rock surfaces. The method is comprised of the steps of coating a rock surface to be simulated with latex, coating the latex with urethane resin, and allowing the resin to foam in place. The urethane foam-latex member is then removed from the rock to be simulated and is used as one wall of the pouring form for forming the corresponding wall of the pool, etc. In the case of swimming pools, a trench in the position of the desired walls of a pool can be dug with the inner surfaces of the trench provided with the foam-latex panels for forming the simulated rock surface on the resulting pool walls. Alternate embodiments and methods of practicing the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: Ground anchors are used to reinforce an in-ground swimming pool shell, which may have sectional walls fastened to a concrete bottom or may be a one-piece shell.

Abstract: A disposable mold form for use in constructing a concrete coping along the upper edge of a swimming pool, and a method of molding such coping. The disposable mold form comprises a plurality of elongated form sections each having a surface portion configurated in the finished shape to be imposed thereby upon the coping, and each having also an attachment portion adhesively attachable to the vertical walls of such pool adjacent the upper edges thereof. Each form section is lightweight, sufficiently stiff to confine a moldable mass of concrete spread thereagainst, and bendable along the length thereof to enable it to conform to either inside or outside arcuate corners along such vertical walls of the pool.

Abstract: An improved swimming pool or like arrangement is readily constructed within an excavation by erecting a modular frame lattice about the pool, and affixing removable concrete pouring form sheets to the frame. Concrete pool walls are then simply poured within the forms, the initially oversized earthen excavation back-filled, and the original pool surface apron secured to the lattice frame elements.The pool fabrication method and apparatus of the instant invention employs a straight-forward sequence of frame and pouring form erection without requiring skilled labor for any of precisely dimensional excavation, concrete wall formation, repeated levelings, or the like. Moreover, the completed pool has internal mechanical integrity, and is relatively impervious to displacements of the surrounding back-fill attributable to freezing, thaw, or the like.

Abstract: Holder structure is described for confining board structures and the like against a concrete side wall of a swimming pool during its construction. The holder structure includes an anchor for securing the same to the concrete wall. The anchor has a laterally extending barb and a packing member which cooperate to assure that the anchor is firmly held by the concrete wall. An elongated spring holder is mounted on a projecting shank of the anchor by a one-way lock washer so as to develop a lever bending moment which forces a board against the concrete wall and thereby maintains the same in position. The spring holder includes a laterally extending cross-member having a pair of board engaging points on each side of a main longitudinal leg of the spring holder, so that it will stably engage the board structure to be confined against the pool side wall.

Abstract: The coping and gutter of a rim flow swimming pool are supported by upwardly and downwardly adjustable jacks at spaced positions around the perimeter, with each beneath the lateral center of gravity. A gusset plate extends rearwardly from a reinforcement for the rear wall and may be moved upwardly and downwardly to adjust the transverse level. Each gusset plate, after final adjustment, is attached to a stake. The jacks and the gusset plates are adapted to be embedded in the concrete which forms the wall of the pool, preferably poured in layers by the "Gunite" method, and serve as reinforcements for the concrete.

Abstract: A method of setting tile along an upwardly extending wall of a swimming pool or the like, and for forming a concrete deck along the upper edge of such wall in overlying relation therewith. The tile-setting and deck-forming may be effected as a single-stage or multiple-stage process; and in either instance, a plurality of tile units are supported a spaced distance from the wall in side-by-side juxtaposition to form a generally horizontal row. The space intermediate the tile units and pool wall is filled with a mass of mortar which is maintained therein to cure and to bond the tile units to the wall. In a one-stage process, the mortar used to bond the tile to the wall is supplemented in sufficient quantity to provide the requisite concrete mass that cures into a deck overlying the upwardly extending pool walls. In a two-stage process, the concrete mass that cures to form the deck is poured after the mortar and as a separate operation.

Abstract: A disposable mold form for use in constructing a concrete coping along the upper edge of a swimming pool, and a method of molding such coping. The disposable mold form comprises a plurality of elongated form sections each having a surface portion configurated in the finished shape to be imposed thereby upon the coping, and each having also an attachment portion adhesively attachable to the vertical walls of such pool adjacent the upper edges thereof. Each form section is lightweight, sufficient stiff to confine a moldable mass of concrete spread thereagainst, and bendable along the length thereof to enable it to conform to either inside or outside arcuate corners along such vertical walls of the pool.