Abstract: Systems and methods for sealing bolted flange joints to stop or prevent leakage are disclosed. The system includes a sealant injection nut. The sealant injection nut generally comprises a threaded nut configured to be threaded onto a stud bolt of a flange joint. The nut is configured to inject sealant into the internal passages of the flange joint. The nut includes a passageway drilled through the sidewall. Fitted to the passageway is a high-pressure sealant-compatible injection fitting and an internal check-valve. Provided within the central cavity of the nut, at the flange-facing end, is a groove that facilitates the flow of sealant injected through the passageway into the passages of the bolted flange. A method is also provided for manufacturing the sealant injection nut. A method is also provided for repairing leaking bolted flange joints using the sealant injection nut.

Abstract: A shaping device for producing a profiled component includes a lay-on unit, a press-on unit and a pressure application unit. The lay-on unit has a support surface for laying on a semi-finished product to be shaped. The press-on unit presses a semi-finished product to be shaped onto the support surface. The pressure application unit has, at least on the side that faces the semi-finished product, a bendable shell for lying on the semi-finished product in an unshaped first state and for lying thereon in a shaped second state, as well as a pressure-transmitting and deformable filling. The pressure application unit can be arranged between the press-on unit and a semi-finished product to be shaped. The press-on unit has a bendable surface lying on the pressure application unit, which bendable surface transmits the force for the shaping onto the pressure application unit. The semi-finished product to be shaped may be a fibre-reinforced composite material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing material creep processes of a windshield washer device. The method comprises the providing (201) of a windshield washer device for a vehicle. The windshield washer device comprises a wiper blade (2) having an elongated top part (10) and an elongated bottom part (12), which are designed to be at least partially bendable. Furthermore, there is a plurality of connecting elements (18) for connecting the top part and the bottom part, wherein the connecting elements are spaced apart from each other along a longitudinal extension (8) of the wiper blade. The connecting elements (18) are designed to enable a movement of the top part (10) and the bottom part (12) relative to each other, having a movement component along a longitudinal extension (8) of the wiper blade.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reinforcing medical balloons by providing equally spaced axial reinforcement yarns around a pressurized and hermetically sealed balloon. The axial reinforcement yarns and the balloon are subsequently wrapped with a circumferential reinforcement yarn and the axial and circumferential reinforcement yarns are bonded to the outer surface of the balloon by the use of an adhesive.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for reinforcing medical balloons. The apparatus may be used for reinforcing any medical balloon by using a hollow tubular reinforcement sleeve. The sleeve may be in the form of a tubular braid, a tubular warp knitted fabric, a tubular weft knitted fabric or a tubular woven fabric. The apparatus may also be used for wrapping reinforcement yarns around the balloon.

Abstract: A hockey stick blade comprising an elongated fiber-reinforced polymer body having a fiber-reinforced polymer front face element and a fiber-reinforced polymer rear face element. The rear face element is spaced apart from the front face element. The blade also comprises a plurality of elongated longitudinal cavities within the body between the front face element and the rear face element. The longitudinal cavities have curved ends in transverse cross-section. The longitudinal cavities define at least one fiber-reinforced polymer structural member interconnecting the front face element and the rear face element. The at least one structural element is biconcave in transverse cross-section. The hockey stick blade has a neck, a heel and a toe. A method of bladder molding a hockey stick blade is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tooling system may include a cure tool and a biasing element. The cure tool may have a cure tool coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and may be configured for curing a composite article formed of two or more components having dissimilar component CTEs. The biasing element may be fixedly attached to the cure tool and has a biasing element CTE that may be different than the cure tool CTE. The biasing element may be configured such that a combination of the cure tool CTE and the biasing element CTE causes a heat-up displacement in the cure tool when heated and the composite article is cured in a distorted shape. When the cured composite article is cooled, the cured composite article may substantially assume an as-designed shape.

Abstract: Methods for forming armored glass cylinders suitable for improving resistance of armor to armor piercing rounds, explosively formed penetrators, or other threats. Cool a cylindrical glass or ceramic element to a temperature below that of a cylindrical casing, place the cylindrical glass or ceramic element into the cylindrical casing while the cylindrical glass or ceramic element is cool, and seal the cylindrical casing and allow the temperature of the cylindrical glass or ceramic element to rise, such that the cylindrical casing compresses the cylindrical glass or ceramic element. Alternately, heat a metal cylindrical casing, press glass or ceramic into the cylinder while the metal cylinder is at an elevated temperature, seal the metal cylindrical casing while metal cylindrical casinger is at an elevated temperature, and allow the the metal cylinder to cool, such that when cooled, the cylindrical casing will compress the glass in all directions.

Abstract: A non-compliant medical balloon may be changed from a deflated state to an inflated state by increasing pressure within the balloon. The non-compliant medical balloon is composed of a woven fabric layer composed of at least two woven fabric fibers forming an angle. The angle remains substantially unchanged when the balloon changes from a deflated state to an inflated state.

Abstract: A composition including at least one curable structural adhesive, and at least one chemically crosslinked elastomer on the bases of a silane-functional polymer, wherein the elastomer is in the form of an interpenetrating polymer network in the structural adhesive. The composition can be used to form a shape-memory material and is suitable for reinforcing cavities in structural components such as, for example, in automobile bodies.

Abstract: A re-forming process is carried out in which a material graphite film is heat-treated to not less than 2000° C. while the material graphite film is being pressured. Through the re-forming process, sag of a graphite film is controlled. By using, during the re-forming process, a plurality of inner cores having respective different surface states, it is possible to produce a graphite film having two or more sag forms which have respective effects.

Abstract: Provided are a resin blend including a first resin, and a second resin having a hydrophobic moiety represented by Formula 1 at a main chain and having a difference in surface energy from the first resin at 25° C. of 0.1 to 20 mN/m, and formed in a layer-separated structure, a pellet, a method of manufacturing the same, and a resin molded article having a specific layer-separated structure. Because of the resin blend, a molded product may have enhanced mechanical properties and surface hardness, and additional surface coating may be omitted, thereby reducing a processing time, increasing productivity, and reducing production costs.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optically transparent polymer film or extrudate product made of a polymer composition comprising a semi-crystalline polyamide having a melting temperature of at least 270° C. or a blend of the semi-crystalline polyamide (A) and a second polymer (B), and optionally at least one additive, wherein the semi-crystalline polyamide (A) is present in an amount of more than 50 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the polymer composition, the polymer composition in the optically transparent polymer film or extrudate product has a melting temperature (Tm-C) in the range of 270-340° C., and wherein the film or a part of the extrudate product has a haze of less than 12% and a light transmittance, of at least 88% measured with the method according to ASTM D1003A.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyimide film having inorganic particles. The polyimide film is 12-250 ?m in thickness. The polyimide film includes about 50-90 weight parts of polyimide and about 10-50 weight parts of the inorganic particles. The particle size of each of the inorganic particles is about 0.1 ?m to about 5 ?m. The polyimide film is characterized in that the thermal expansion coefficient is equal to or less than 30 ppm/° C. in any direction, the difference between two thermal expansion coefficients in two mutually perpendicular directions on the film surface is less than 10 ppm/° C., and the Young's modulus of the polyimide film is greater than 4 GPa in any direction. The dimensional stability of the polyimide film measured by the standard of IPC-TM-650 is less than 0.10% in any direction. A method for manufacturing the polyimide film is disclosed as well.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymeric composition having a xanthene or xanthenes-based compound as a plasticizer, a method to modify the thermoplastic polymeric materials to increase their relative plasticity while maintaining good strength or “toughness” characteristics, and various articles of manufacture that can be made using the polymer composition are described.

Abstract: A composition including at least one curable structural adhesive, and at least one chemically cross-linked elastomer, wherein the chemically cross-linked elastomer is present in the structural adhesive as penetrating polymer network. Such a composition constitutes a so-called shape memory material and is suitable for reinforcing cavities in structural components, such as, for example, in automobile bodies.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyimide film having inorganic particles. The polyimide film is 12-250 ?m in thickness. The polyimide film includes about 50-90 weight parts of polyimide and about 10-50 weight parts of the inorganic particles. The particle size of each of the inorganic particles is about 0.1 ?m to about 5 ?m. The polyimide film is characterized in that the thermal expansion coefficient is equal to or less than 30 ppm/° C. in any direction, the difference between two thermal expansion coefficients in two mutually perpendicular directions on the film surface is less than 10 ppm/° C., and the Young's modulus of the polyimide film is greater than 4 GPa in any direction. The dimensional stability of the polyimide film measured by the standard of IPC-TM-650 is less than 0.10% in any direction. A method for manufacturing the polyimide film is disclosed as well.

Abstract: A non-compliant medical balloon may be changed from a deflated state to an inflated state by increasing pressure within the balloon. The non-compliant medical balloon is composed of a woven fabric layer composed of at least two woven fabric fibers forming an angle. The angle remains substantially unchanged when the balloon changes from a deflated state to an inflated state.

Abstract: An apparatus for curing a composite assembly may include a base tool, a growth control apparatus, and at least one engagement fitting. The base tool may have a different thermal expansion growth rate than a composite assembly to be cured using the apparatus. The growth control apparatus may have a different thermal expansion growth rate than the base tool. The engagement fitting may be moveably disposed relative to the base tool and connected to the growth control apparatus. The engagement fitting may hold a composite assembly being cured against the engagement fitting. The growth control apparatus may grow a pre-determined amount during curing of a composite assembly to produce a cured composite assembly having a pre-determined design dimension.

Abstract: A transparent polymer film satisfying Rth/Re??0.39, Re>0 and Rth<0 and having a moisture permeability of 100-2000 g/(m2·day) at 40° C. and a relative humidity of 90%, and not containing an additive composition that raises Rth by at least 8 nm.

Abstract: A transparent polymer film satisfying Rth/Re??0.39, Re>0 and Rth<0 and having a moisture permeability of 100-2000 g/(m2·day) at 40° C. and a relative humidity of 90%, and not containing an additive composition that raises Rth by at least 8 nm.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for introducing a helical formation (11) into a flexible tubular material (12). The material (12) is supported together with a surrounding helical former (13) so as to deform the material (12) to have a helical indentation (11) corresponding to the shape of the former (13). The material (12) is then set in that configuration and the former (13) is removed.

Abstract: A method of constructing a shaft seal assembly includes attaching a PTFE seal element to an outer metal case and disposing a bore of the PTFE seal element onto a mandrel. Then, heating the PTFE seal element while on the mandrel. Further, cooling the PTFE seal element while on the mandrel and, removing the shaft seal assembly from the mandrel. The resulting seal element provides a reliable seal against a running surface of a shaft in use, while at the same time producing low running torque against the running surface of the shaft. Further, a minimal axial push force is required to install the shaft seal assembly onto the shaft, thereby reducing the potential of damage to the seal element or inversion of the seal element during installation.

Abstract: A method of making an aircraft component is provided, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a mould (1) for the receipt of a material (3) from which the aircraft component is to be made providing the mould with said material providing an intensification tool (14) in spaced relationship to the mould and heating the material, tool and mould so that the tool expands and applies pressure to the material and so as to form the component and wherein the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool in a first direction is matched to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the component in the first direction, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool in a second direction is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the component in the second direction, the tool being provided with at least one contacting surface for contacting the material and through which pressure is applied to the material, the expansion of the tool in the second direction causing the at least one cont

Abstract: In a mold, at least a first half includes an insert member forming a cavity surface on one end side; a body member having an insertion part into which the insert member is inserted; and an insert member fixer interposed between the insert member and the insertion part, for holding the insert member. The insert member fixer is made of a shape memory alloy, and presses and holds the insert member when the insert member fixer restores its memorized shape, to make a center axis alignment of the insert member with respect to the body member.

Abstract: A polypropylene resin composition containing a resin component composed of 55 to 99% by mass of polypropylene and 1 to 45% by mass of polyglycolic acid, and a reactive compatibilizing agent in a proportion of 0.3 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the resin component; a formed product composed of the polypropylene resin composition, wherein a dispersed phase of the polyglycolic acid residing in the morphology that the polyglycolic acid is dispersed as individually independent thin films exists in a matrix of the polypropylene; and a production process of the formed product.

Abstract: In the heat-shrinkable polyester film of the present invention, the main shrinkage direction is the longitudinal direction. In addition, the hot-water heat shrinkage ratios in the longitudinal direction and the width direction when the film is treated in hot water at 90° C. for 10 seconds, the refractive indexes in the longitudinal direction and the width direction and the natural shrinkage ratio after aging at 40° C. and 65% RH for 700 hours or more are each controlled in predetermined ranges. The heat-shrinkable polyester film of the present invention is manufactured by stretching an unstretched film at a ratio of 2.5 times or more and 6.0 times or less in the width direction at a temperature of Tg+5° C. or more and Tg+40° C. or less, passing the film in an intermediate zone that does not execute an active heating operation, heat-treating the film at a temperature of 100° C. or more and 170° C. or less over a period of 1.0 second or more and 10.

Abstract: In the heat-shrinkable polyester film of the present invention, the main shrinkage direction is the longitudinal direction. In addition, the hot-water heat shrinkage ratios in the longitudinal direction and the width direction when the film is treated in hot water at 90° C. for 10 seconds, the refractive indexes in the longitudinal direction and the width direction and the natural shrinkage ratio after aging at 40° C. and 65% RH for 700 hours or more are each controlled in predetermined ranges. The heat-shrinkable polyester film of the present invention is manufactured by stretching an unstretched film at a ratio of 2.5 times or more and 6.0 times or less in the width direction at a temperature of Tg+5° C. or more and Tg+40° C. or less, passing the film in an intermediate zone that does not execute an active heating operation, heat-treating the film at a temperature of 100° C. or more and 170° C. or less over a period of 1.0 second or more and 10.

Abstract: An aircraft stringer lay-up assembly is provided comprising a first mandrel element having a first mandrel material with a first mandrel coefficient of thermal expansion. A composite ply assembly is laid up onto the first mandrel element to generate a primary lay-up surface. The composite ply assembly comprises a first primary fold-over portion folded onto to the first mandrel right end surface. A second primary fold over portion folds over to the first mandrel left end surface. The first mandrel coefficient of thermal expansion is adapted such that the first mandrel is movable between a first mandrel normal condition and a first mandrel heated condition where the first mandrel right end surface and the first mandrel left end surface move away from each other. The first primary fold-over portion and the secondary primary fold over portion are thereby moved such that wrinkles are pulled out of said primary lay-up surface.

Abstract: A method for producing a transparent polymer film, comprising heat-treating a polymer film containing a polymer and a plasticizer having a number-average molecular weight of from 500 to 10000 and having a repetitive unit, at a temperature T (unit, ° C.) satisfying the following formula (1): Tc?T<Tm0??(1) wherein Tc means the crystallization temperature of the polymer film and Tm0 means the melting point of the polymer film.

Abstract: A method of making an aircraft component is provided, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a mould (1) for the receipt of a material (3) from which the aircraft component is to be made providing the mould with said material providing an intensification tool (14) in spaced relationship to the mould and heating the material, tool and mould so that the tool expands and applies pressure to the material and so as to form the component and wherein the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool in a first direction is matched to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the component in the first direction, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tool in a second direction is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the component in the second direction, the tool being provided with at least one contacting surface for contacting the material and through which pressure is applied to the material, the expansion of the tool in the second direction causing the at least one c

Abstract: The invention relates to an elongated surgical repair product comprising an elongated member of core-sheath structure, wherein the core contains a plurality of high-strength ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMWPE) filaments, and wherein the elongated member has a UHMWPE sheath that is substantially non-porous. This product combines high tensile strength, good flexibility and favourable knotting characteristics. The invention also relates to a process of making said elongated surgical repair product, comprising a step wherein an elongated precursor member containing a plurality of UHMWPE filaments is subjected to a heat treatment while keeping the filaments under tension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a side wall segment for a line guiding device consisting of links connected to each other in pivoting fashion, each of which displays two opposite side parts that are connected to the immediately adjacent side parts in a manner permitting pivoting in a pivoting plane, and display stops for limiting the pivoting angle, where multiple side parts connected to each other form the side wall segment. The invention furthermore relates to a line guiding device with a side wall segment, and a method for manufacturing the side wall segment.

Abstract: A method of making a rubber barbell weight with as least on colored rubber belt has acts of providing at least one annular colored rubber belt, providing a mold, placing the at least one annular colored rubber belt in the mold, placing rubber raw materials in the mold, heating and pressing the mold and releasing the mold. The mold has two middle molds. Each middle mold has at least one recess formed radially in an inside wall of the mold. The annular colored rubber belt is placed into the recesses of the middle molds. The rubber raw materials are placed into the mold. Because top and bottom flanges of each recess of the middle mold limit the annular colored rubber belt only fusing with adjacent rubber raw materials, an outside surface of the annular colored rubber belt does not mix with the color of the rubber raw materials.

Abstract: A method of making a catheter balloon, and a balloon formed thereby, in which a polymeric tube is radially expanded in a mold having a wall with an outer surface and an inner surface defining a chamber, and having at least a section with one or more channels in the wall. The channels result in improved transfer of heat to the polymeric tube within the chamber of the mold during blow molding of the tube to form a balloon, so that the tube is heated more quickly and evenly. One aspect of the invention is directed to a balloon having sections with improved thin walls.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing board warpage during the application and curing or drying of liquid epoxies, or the like, on printed circuit boards using a clamping fixture assembly, which includes at least one clamping fixture support and at least one clamping fixture overlay. If desired, a plurality of printed circuit boards may be processed using an appropriate clamping fixture assembly. Furthermore, the clamping fixture may be constructed so a slight bow or curvature thereof can counter either a convex or concave bow or curvature of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method for storing nuclear fuel in a container (10) including a concrete body and a fuel receiver embedded in the concrete body, comprises the steps of: providing formwork (62) for the concrete body and supporting the fuel receiver within the formwork; placing the formwork in an immersed position in a pool (54) containing a body of water; placing concrete in the immersed formwork (62); and removing the formwork with the concrete body cast therein from the pool (52).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing linear small tubular articles to provide tubular medical articles for minimal invasive percutaneous introduction into a mammalian body. The method involves forming layers on a wire mandrel and covering with a heat shrinkable tape.

Abstract: A method for forming a compound material by intermittently heating and pressurizing a composite material reinforced by fibers. The method is made up of a pinching step of pinching and fixing the upstream end and the downstream end of the composite material; a heating/pressurizing step of heating and pressurizing the pinched and fixed composite material intermittently; and a moving step of releasing the compound material and sending the material to the downstream direction after termination of the heating/pressurizing step; during the pinching step, tension toward the downstream advancing direction is provided to the downstream end of the composite material, and during the moving step, the amount of movement of the compound material at the downstream side is set to be greater than the amount of movement of the compound material at the upstream side, thereby straightening the fibers in the compound material linearly.

Abstract: A method for producing a stretch-thinned elastic article having dimensional stability over time and at elevated temperatures in which a thermoplastic block copolymer is melt-processed into a stretchable article such as a film or fiber. The article is then conditioned at an elevated temperature greater than or equal to a glass transition temperature (Tg) of a hard phase of the thermoplastic block copolymer. The article is stretch-thinned at the elevated temperature to a desired percentage stretch, forming a stretch-thinned article, after which it is cooled to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the hard phase of the thermoplastic block copolymer. Films produced by this method are suitable for use in durable and disposable articles including personal care articles such as diapers, incontinence wear, training pants, and feminine care articles, as well as wound dressings, wipes, towels, napkins, and protective apparel.

Abstract: A method of making a head for a semisolid product dispenser, such as a gel deodorant dispenser, comprises the steps of: providing a piece of porous media having a desired shape with a perimeter and openings through the media in the area inside of the perimeter, compressing at least the portion of the media inside of the perimeter between two parts of a hard tool so as to crush the media, thereby reducing the size of the openings, and affixing the porous media to a head frame to form the semisolid product dispenser head. Preferably the porous media is affixed to the head frame by an insert injection molding process, and the media is crushed in the same mold tool as is used to mold the head frame.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a balloon portion for a balloon catheter for radially expanding a vessel in the body of a mammal, which catheter comprises a tube portion with a passage therethrough and a hollow expandable balloon portion defined by a fluid impervious wall and secured to the tube portion, which balloon portion can be inflated and deflated by means of a fluid passed through the passage, such that:a. the wall of the balloon portion is formed from a flexible substantially fluid impervious material having re-inforcing fibers formed integrally with the wall material; andb. the balloon portion is preformed to the desired radial diameter at its inflated state having smaller diameter end portions and a wider diameter portion intermediate the said ends and has a substantially uniform wall thickness.

Abstract: A method for producing a fibre reinforced three-dimensional product comprises depositing of long fibers in a mould consisting of a frame in which a carrier net for the fibers is suspended. The individual layers of a formed plane laminate are positioned in such a manner that only a first end is secured at a frame side. Said first ends are secured at different frame sides. In this manner it is possible, in a pressing procedure giving the product is three-dimensional shape, to obtain a virtually even distribution of the fibres, even in areas which are subjected to the longest move away from the plane original laminate. In this manner sound well-defined properties are obtained in the three-dimensional product formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved cathode element for the production of electrolytic copper, and more particularly to an improved cathode element of the reusable type which includes a cathode plate. With the intention of preventing a sleeve-like copper build-up around the cathode plate, the cathode element is provided with electrically insulating edge strips along at least those side edges of the cathode element which, in an active position, are located in the electrolyte bath, wherein the electrically insulating edge strips are chemically bonded to the cathode plate, preferably by vulcanization or by gluing.

Abstract: To prevent a long molding from bending during drying and hardening in a drying furnace after braiding. A pair of rotatable joints 2 and 3 are used as a stretching jig for a long braiding mandrel, the joints are connected to the respective ends of the mandrel, and a loading means 16 is used to stretch the mandrel via the joints to apply tension to it.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shaped panel from a continuous length of an expanded mat. The method includes transporting an expanded mat on a conveyor. The conveyor includes side chains and a plurality of spaced apart slats, which extend transversely between the side chains, on which the expanded mat is supported. The side chains and the plurality of slats define a plurality of openings in the conveyor. A length of the expanded mat is confined and shaped between a male mold and a female mold by moving the male mold and the female mold into mating relationship through one of the plurality of openings in the conveyor.

Abstract: A protective, impact resistant material and method which includes a fabric of thermoplastic polymeric fibers having a strength of at least 0.5 GPa and an elastic modulus of at least 25 GPa and a matrix of polymeric material disposed in the interstices between the fibers having an elastic modulus of 0.2 to 3.times.10.sup.6 psi. The polymeric fibers can be gel spun, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene terephthalate. In a second embodiment, the matrix is derived from the fabric.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a resin-impregnated endless belt structure is carried out on an apparatus having an outer cylinder having an inner cylindrical surface coaxial with a smaller radius cylindrical mandrel. An endless base structure for the endless belt structure is disposed within the outer cylinder on the inner cylindrical surface. The cylindrical mandrel, having an inwardly curved nose, is then inserted into the outer cylinder forming a nip of converging geometry between the nose and the inner cylindrical surface. Polymeric resin material is dispensed continuously into the nip while the cylindrical mandrel is gradually moved completely into the outer cylinder. The nose forces the polymeric resin material into the endless base structure, and air bubbles out, while forcing the endless base structure against the inner cylindrical surface.

Abstract: An EMI shield for personal computers, cellular telephones, and other electronic devices is constructed from thermoformable polymeric material which is then metallized on all surfaces by vacuum metallization techniques to provide an inexpensive, lightweight, yet effective EMI shield.

Abstract: A synthetic reinforcement having surface features that facilitate adhesion of the reinforcement to another surface and a process for making the same is disclosed. The synthetic reinforcement is comprised of a plurality of continuous fibers that are maintained in position by a resin encasement. An external surface of the synthetic reinforcement can be characterized by micro-recesses that are located in a generally random pattern, which increases the surface area of the resin encasement.