Abstract: An autonomous vehicle comprises a chassis, a plurality of wheels rotationally mounted to the chassis, wherein each wheel is characterized by a camber angle and a caster angle. The vehicle includes a vehicle dynamics prediction module for predicting a vehicle dynamics condition and for generating a control signal based on the vehicle dynamics condition and a wheel geometry adjustment mechanism connected to each of the wheels for automatically adjusting one or both of the camber angle and the caster angle in response to the control signal.

Abstract: Generally, a device to measure the circumference of circular objects. Specifically, a device including a pair of slidingly engaged members disposed between a pair of arms configured to be engaged with tread on a tire at about the midline of a wheel, an electrical circuit which varies in output voltage based on the distance between the pair of arms, and a processor communicatively coupled to a non-transitory computer readable medium containing a program which correlates the output voltage of the electrical circuit to a unit measure of distance between the pair of arms and calculates tire circumference.

Abstract: A suspension aligning machine includes a bottom board, an intermediate board, a top board, actuation modules, a jig, and a control device. The intermediate board is mounted on a top of the bottom board by first supporting elements and has through holes. The top board is arranged above the intermediate board with supporting elements provided therebetween to have the top board floating and suspending above the intermediate board. The actuation modules are mounted under the top board and respectively extend through the through holes of the intermediate board and form a gap with respect to the bottom board. The operation of the actuation modules causes the top board to vibrate and incline and workpieces deposited in the jig mounted on the top board are caused to move in the jig and fall into the cavities of the jig to line up with each other and thus orderly arranged.

Abstract: The present application provides an adjustable position gauge, which comprises a measuring column, an adjusting block, a set screw, a base plate, a tensioning block, a nut, a conical block and the like. The application may measure the angle between different bolt holes and the position of the wheel bolt hole with different pitch sizes.

Abstract: A device for measuring tread depth includes: an image sensor; first and second depth sensing modules spaced apart along a separation axis, each including (i) an emitter configured to emit a beam of light, and (ii) an optical assembly configured to direct reflections of the beam of light onto a respective region of the image sensor; a controller connected to the image sensor and configured, responsive to the device traversing a treaded surface, to: receive, from the image sensor, a sequence of images corresponding to sequential positions of the device traversing the treaded surface in a travel direction substantially perpendicular to the separation axis, the sequence of images depicting successive reflections of the beams from the treaded surface; determine, for each image in the sequence of images, a first depth measurement and a second depth measurement; and store, in a memory, the first and second depth measurements.

Abstract: A wheel-force dynamometer (1) for the measurement of forces and torques acting upon a vehicle tire (2a) and a vehicle wheel (2) using force sensors (4, 24, 44). The vehicle wheel (2) is mounted and able to rotate on a wheel axle. The wheel-force dynamometer (1) has a wheel axle that is in the form of a hollow shaft (9, 29, 49) which is hydrostatically mounted on a rigid, fixed in position bearing journal (3, 23, 43).

Abstract: A method for optimizing vehicle steer-by-wire characteristics, includes collecting steer-by-wire steering system data for multiple predetermined data segments. Multiple driving quality objective indices are determined for each segment. A trend line is prepared based on the multiple predetermined data segments using a first algorithm, a second algorithm and a third algorithm, each assigned to one of the driving quality objective indices. Values obtained from the first algorithm, the second algorithm and the third algorithm are superimposed to create a net desired incremental change in damping, steering ratio and base assist. A steering calibration modification command is generated in real-time using the incremental change in damping, steering ratio and base assist.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wheel end face detection and correction device, which includes a frame, a self-made cylinder, a detection system, a correction system and the like. A wheel is preliminarily positioned in the center, a cylinder II drives an expansion sleeve to descend to match a center hole of the wheel, the attitude of a datum plate is adjusted to attach to a flange face of the wheel, and an expansion core is pulled by a cylinder rod; the cylinder II drives the wheel to ascend, and a servo motor drives the wheel to rotate; a servo electric cylinder II drives a dial indicator to be located below a rim end face of the wheel, a servo electric cylinder I drives the dial indicator to contact an end face of the wheel, and the end face run-out of the wheel may be detected.

Abstract: The present application discloses a wheel runout detection device. A synchronous gear B is mounted on the output shaft of a servo motor, a synchronous gear A is connected with the synchronous gear B via a synchronous belt, a flange, an expansion sleeve and a cylinder are mounted on a flange plate, and two ends of a connecting shaft are respectively connected with the output shaft of the cylinder and an expansion core. The servo motor drives the flange, the expansion sleeve and the wheel to rotate via the synchronous gear A, the synchronous belt and the synchronous gear B. The device may meet the requirement of wheel runout detection in use, and has the characteristics of ideal effect, high efficiency and high working safety and reliability.

Abstract: An over actuated system capable of controlling wheel parameters, such as speed (e.g., by torque and braking), steering angles, caster angles, camber angles, and toe angles, of wheels in an associated vehicle. The system may determine the associated vehicle is in a rollover state and adjust wheel parameters to prevent vehicle rollover. Additionally, the system may determine a driving state and dynamically adjust wheel parameters to optimize driving, including, for example, cornering and parking. Such a system may also dynamically detect wheel misalignment and provide alignment and/or corrective driving solutions. Further, by utilizing degenerate solutions for driving, the system may also estimate tire-surface parameterization data for various road surfaces and make such estimates available for other vehicles via a network.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for measuring a slant wall thickness of a hub.

Abstract: A go kart steering measurement tool for measuring at least one of a caster angle and a king pin angle of a front wheel steering mechanism of a go kart includes a tool body, and an axle engagement structure adapted to position the go kart steering measurement tool on an axle of the go kart, wherein the tool body has a target surface for making an impinging laser beam from a separate laser emission tool visible to a user of the go kart steering measurement tool, wherein the target surface has a first scale, including a plurality of first markings, and a second scale, including a plurality of second markings, with the first scale and the second scale having the same scaling, and wherein the first scale and the second scale are spaced apart, such that, upon the separate laser emission tool being attached to the front wheel steering mechanism and the front wheel steering mechanism being turned and the impinging laser beam moving across the target surface as a result thereof, a first measurement on the first scale

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for utilizing vehicle wheel assembly surface profile data acquired by a vehicle wheel service system from a non-contact imaging sensor and a projected pattern of optically distinct elements on the vehicle wheel assembly surface to identify one or more features of the vehicle wheel assembly, to receive operator input, and to facilitate the placement of imbalance correction weights onto the vehicle wheel assembly surface.

Abstract: A go kart set up tool for checking a longitudinal chassis alignment of a go kart and for gauging a steering mechanism of the go kart having a first front stub axle and a second front stub axle on opposing sides of the go kart and having a rear axle, includes a tool body, a level disposed in the tool body for vertically aligning the tool body in at least one dimension, a laser emitter disposed within the tool body and adapted to emit a laser beam in a laser emission direction, with the laser emitter being aimable at a first target for checking the longitudinal chassis alignment of the go kart and being aimable at a second target for gauging the steering mechanism, and an axle engagement structure.

Abstract: A vehicle frame includes: a pair of right and left side frames; plural cross members connecting the pair of right and left side frames; and a pair of right and left push members obliquely extending forward and also toward the outside in the vehicle width direction, from right and left ends of one of the cross members in front of a cabin. The frame further includes: a pair of right and left first diagonal members obliquely extending backward from positions opposing the push members across one cross member to connect the one cross member with an intermediate portion of another cross member behind the one cross member; and a second diagonal member obliquely extending backward in V shape from a position opposing the first diagonal members across the other cross member to connect the other cross member with inner surfaces of the right and left side frames behind it.

Abstract: Improved and more easily implemented methods for predicting uniformity parameters such as uneven mass distribution, radial run out and high speed radial force variation utilize other measurements such as the tire crown thickness variation. When high speed radial force variation is calculated, low speed radial force variation is also measured. Tire crown thickness variation can be measured in different fashions depending on the particular tire manufacturing process employed. By electronically determining resultant uniformity parameters, tires can be improved by rectification to address the uniformity levels. In addition, tire manufacturing can be improved by altering the resultant location of tire crown thickness variation relative to other aspects of the tire and/or tire manufacturing process.

Abstract: A resolver excitation signal generator includes a source configured to generate a sinusoidal input signal and an inverting amplifier circuit. The inverting amplifier circuit has an input connected to the source to receive the sinusoidal input signal and an output lacking a transistor stage. The inverting amplifier circuit is configured to amplify the sinusoidal input signal to generate at the output of the inverting amplifier circuit an excitation signal in the form of an amplified version of the sinusoidal input signal for a resolver.

Abstract: A tire testing apparatus for testing a tire comprises a loading means for the tire (17), a measuring head (20, 22, 24) which is movable relative to the tire (17), and lower bearing elements (7) on which the tire (17) can be positioned in vertical position. To improve such tire testing apparatus, the tire testing apparatus comprises upper bearing elements (8) which are movable relative to the lower bearing elements (7) and which together with the lower bearing elements (7) form a holder for the tire (17). (FIG.

Abstract: A system is provided for automatically adjusting the air pressure of a tire based on variations in loading to improve tread wear. For a particular loading of the tire, the system provides for the determination of a preferred air pressure setting designed to minimize tread wear. This preferred air pressure, Pp, is determined from an analysis of the longitudinal stresses that occur within the contact patch of the tread.

Abstract: A bicycle rim examination device includes a body having a base and two upright side frames extend from the base. Each of the two side frames has a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a third cylinder connected to the top thereof. Each of the second and third cylinders is connected with a roller. A power supply device is located on one end of the body and has transmission shaft which has a roller and is driven by a motor. The transmission shaft is supported by two slides which are movable along two guide frames. A first detector with a first probe and a second detector with a second probe are connected to the body. The bicycle rim examination device examines the tension of the spokes and the roundness of the rim.

Abstract: A method of onboard determination of vehicle wheel alignment is provided. In a first step, a lateral acceleration signal is generated, using an accelerometer mounted on the vehicle wheel. In a second step, a first lateral acceleration value ay Acc is derived from a first portion of the lateral acceleration signal, which is during a longitudinal acceleration a0 of the vehicle. In a third step, a second lateral acceleration value ay CS is derived from a second portion of the lateral acceleration signal, which is measured when the longitudinal acceleration has ceased and the vehicle is travelling at constant speed. In a fourth step, the magnitude of the longitudinal acceleration a0 associated with the first portion of the lateral acceleration signal is measured.

Abstract: A gauge sets a height of a lathe cutter to a spindle axis. The gauge comprises an adjustable housing and a level vial, a longitudinal positioning of the level vial to be perpendicular to the spindle axis. A bubble in the level vial is longitudinally centered therein and the adjustable housing is fixed in place relative to the gauge. A chamfered notch in the gauge is slidable along a length of a shaft positioned in the spindle thereof. Flexible prongs secure the level vial relative to the adjustable housing. One of a set screw, a clamp and rubber bands secure the level vial relative to the adjustable housing. A receptacle in the gauge receives a shaft positioned in the spindle and enables laterally adjusting the gauge on a length of the shaft until the contact face of the gauge is laterally aligned with the tip of the lathe cutter.

Abstract: An electrosurgical forceps includes a handle having a shaft extending therefrom defining a longitudinal axis. The handle is selectively movable to translate movement of the shaft along the longitudinal axis to actuate a pair of laterally spaced first and second jaw members pivotably connected to a distal end of the shaft. The first and second jaw members are moveable from an open position, wherein the first and second jaw members are in spaced relation relative to a stationary jaw member, to a closed position wherein the first and second jaw members cooperate with the stationary jaw member to grasp tissue therebetween. Each of the jaw members is adapted to connect to an electrosurgical energy source to conduct energy through tissue grasped therebetween to effect a tissue seal.

Abstract: An apparatus is mounted to a vehicle for obtaining a camber angle measurement. The apparatus includes a lower elongated member, a vertical elongated member, and an upper elongated member. The apparatus further includes a lower coupling that connects the lower elongated member to the vertical elongated member. The lower coupling allows the vertical elongated member to rotate about an axis, and prevents the lower elongated member from rotating about its longitudinal axis. The apparatus also includes an upper coupling that connects the vertical elongated member to the upper elongated member. A lower connector is connected to the lower elongated member, and is configured to be connected to a wheel of a vehicle. An upper connector is connected to the upper elongated member, and is configured to be connected to the vehicle.

Abstract: A first apparatus for supporting a wheel of a vehicle includes a support structure and a support movably mounted on the support structure. At least one locating member and clamping mechanism are mounted to the support structure and the support. The clamping mechanism engages the locating member so that the support is held in a predetermined position relative to the support structure. A second apparatus for supporting a wheel of a vehicle includes a bearing surface and a support movably mounted on the bearing surface. A first locating member is positioned underneath the bearing surface, and a shaft is mounted to the underside of the support and extends through the bearing surface and the locating member. When an actuator is retracted, the first locating member bears against the bearing surface so that the support is held in a predetermined position relative to the bearing surface.

Abstract: A portable tool designed for effective and efficient lateral truing of damaged spoked wheels, in particular bicycle wheels, is described. The tool is mountable on the bicycle frame, and allows the user to position the truing gauge with four spatial degrees of freedom. The inventive tool features a non-rigidly mounted (floating) truing indicator tip to maintain accurate tool alignment when in contact with a rotating wheel rim that is severely bent out the of the plane of the rim by decoupling rim forces from the rest of the tool. In addition, the combination of the floating action of the truing tip and its construction from a soft polymeric material avoids scratching or otherwise marring the surface of the rim during the truing procedure.

Abstract: A method for determining the alignment of a pair of vehicle wheels includes the steps of positioning a beam projecting device consecutively on each wheel, in the same angular relationship to the wheel, and projecting a beam to a receptor, which is located in a predetermined angular relationship the other wheel. The projecting device, the receptor or both is utilized to determine the angle between the beams and the angle is related to the alignment of the pair of wheels; the receptor being maintained in the same position for each beam projection.

Abstract: A first apparatus for supporting a wheel of a vehicle includes a support structure and a support movably mounted on the support structure. At least one locating member and clamping mechanism are mounted to the support structure and the support. The clamping mechanism engages the locating member so that the support is held in a predetermined position relative to the support structure. A second apparatus for supporting a wheel of a vehicle includes a bearing surface and a support movably mounted on the bearing surface. A first locating member is positioned underneath the bearing surface, and a shaft is mounted to the underside of the support and extends through the bearing surface and the locating member. When an actuator is retracted, the first locating member bears against the bearing surface so that the support is held in a predetermined position relative to the bearing surface.

Abstract: A gauge wheel assembly for a hand held portable power tool has first and second gauge wheels arranged on opposite lateral sides of a working attachment of the tool to contact the ground and gauge the height of the working attachment relative to the ground. The gauge wheel assembly includes a clamp assembly that clamps to an outer surface of a tubular boom of the tool. First and second arms extend outwardly from opposite lateral sides of the clamp assembly and have distal portions that support the gauge wheels adjacent to the lateral sides of the working attachment. A plurality of mounting locations are provided in the distal portions of the first and second arms for adjustably mounting the gauge wheels to the arms. The working attachment can be a rotary sweeper that extends in a cantilever fashion from a center gearbox attached to the tubular boom.

Abstract: A pivotal measuring wheel includes a handle set, a handle rod, a pivotal rod, a wheel seat, a wheel and a cable. The handle rod has a hollow handle seat and an arc-contoured first pivotal body. The first pivotal body has a first space and a first semicircular hole communicating with the first space. The pivotal rod has a hollow joint seat and an arc-contoured second pivotal body for connecting to the first pivotal body. The second pivotal body has a second space and a second semicircular hole communicating with the second space. The second space selectively communicates with the first space. The second semicircular hole selectively aligns and communicates with the first semicircular hole. The handle seat is freely pivotable relative to the joint seat without disturbing the cable.

Abstract: A centering system for centering the inner and outer wheels of a dual wheel assembly on a hub includes at least three centering sets. Each centering set has an inner sleeve and a separate outer sleeve. Each inner sleeve fits between a wheel stud on the hub and a bolt hole in the inner wheel to center the inner wheel. Each outer sleeve fits between the wheel stud and a bolt hole in the outer wheel to center the outer wheel. The inner sleeves can also include a section that fits between the wheel stud on the hub and a bolt hole in the brake drum to center the brake drum.

Abstract: There is provided a jig for measuring a runout of a flange surface of a hub unit adapted to be fitted between a plurality of plate-shaped projecting portions of a road wheel mounting flange of a deformed type including the plurality of plate-shaped projecting portions. The projecting portions are formed on an outer circumferential surface of a hub wheel serving as a rotating side member of a road wheel hub unit so as to project radially. Each of the projecting portions has a bolt insertion hole in a distal end portion thereof. The jig is positioned adjacent to a flange surface of the projecting portions so as to form an annular continuous surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a computer program product embodied on a computer readable storage medium. The computer program product is encoded with instructions configured to control a controller to perform a process. The process includes setting a target steering angle for the vehicle based on a steering amount of the vehicle, setting a target torque difference between right and left steered wheels based on the target steering angle, and setting a target driving/braking force for the vehicle based on an acceleration amount and a braking amount of the vehicle. The process also includes setting each target torque for the right and left steered wheels based on the target torque difference and the target driving/braking force and controlling driving of the steered-wheel motors based on the target torque. The kingpin point is positioned closer to the vehicle on an inside portion of an inside sidewall of a steered wheel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steering control apparatus that controls steering of a vehicle of a steer-by-wire type, and includes steered-wheel motors that apply separate torques to right and left steered wheels respectively, a rod member that couples the right and left steered wheels so that the steered wheels can be steered, and a steering controller that controls driving of the steered-wheel motors. In each steered wheel, a center of the contact face thereof and a kingpin point thereof are offset in a lateral direction of the vehicle, and the steering controller controls driving of the steered-wheel motors so as to generate a torque difference between the right and left steered wheels, and provides a steering effort in accordance with this torque difference for each of the right and left steered wheels via the rod member, thereby to steer the vehicle.

Abstract: Distance meters measure distances from a reference position to a first area including an upper pitch circle portion and a second area including a lower pitch circle portion. Center coordinates of the hub is calculated based on respective center coordinates of two hub bolts included within the first and second areas. Coordinates of three points defining apexes of a triangle are acquired. Inclination angle of the hub relative to a vertical plane is calculated based on the coordinates of the three points, and an orientation of each of the hub bolts is calculated based on the center coordinates of the hub and the center coordinates of the hub bolt.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel alignment measuring method and apparatus capable of measuring wheel alignment of a vehicle body with high accuracy without wheels mounted in an assembly line. A dummy wheel (10) is mounted on a wheel mounting portion (6) on which a wheel is not mounted. Subsequently, with a vehicle body supported, a wheel mounting portion elevating means (8) elevates the wheel mounting portion (6) via the dummy wheel (10). Thereafter, an alignment measuring means (9) measures wheel alignment for the wheel mounting portion (6) on which the dummy wheel (10) is mounted.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining geometrical dimensions of a wheel, especially a vehicle wheel, or of at least a part of the wheel, comprising the steps of pivoting at least one sensing device for scanning the wheel surface or a part of the wheel surface about a pivot axis in plane perpendicular to the wheel axis and determining the geometrical dimensions of the scanned wheel surface in dependence from the angular position of the at least one sensing device, wherein the angular position is determined from measured accelerations of the sensing device in two predetermined directions during the pivotal movement of the sensing device.

Abstract: There is provided a jig for measuring a runout of a flange surface of a hub unit adapted to be fitted between a plurality of plate-shaped projecting portions of a road wheel mounting flange of a deformed type including the plurality of plate-shaped projecting portions. The projecting portions are formed on an outer circumferential surface of a hub wheel serving as a rotating side member of a road wheel hub unit so as to project radially. Each of the projecting portions has a bolt insertion hole in a distal end portion thereof. The jig is positioned adjacent to a flange surface of the projecting portions so as to form an annular continuous surface.

Abstract: A clamping device for mounting a vehicle wheel on a balancing machine. The clamping device has a clamping flange and a plurality of centering bolts. The clamping flange is provided with plural sets of recesses for the centering bolts. An insertable section of each centering bolt is removably insertable into a recess. A profiled contour in the insertable section of the centering bolt and an inner contour of a sidewall of the clamping flange delimiting the recess are not circular and have complementary shapes such that the centering bolt is accommodated in the recess such that some sections of the centering bolt can be rotated about the longitudinal axis thereof. When the centering bolt is rotated, at least one subarea of a circumferential surface in the insertable section of the centering bolt frictionally engages with at least one adjacent subarea of the sidewall of the clamping flange delimiting the recess.

Abstract: A method for locating a geometric detail of at least one wheel rim for determining its spatial position relative to a measuring instrument, includes: aiming at least one measuring camera of a measuring instrument of a chassis measuring system at a wheel rim; recording an image of a wheel rim using the at least one measuring camera; ascertaining at least one geometric detail in the image of the wheel rim; and selecting a known geometric detail for determining the spatial position of the wheel rim relative to the measuring instrument.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel alignment measuring method and apparatus capable of measuring wheel alignment of a vehicle body with high accuracy without wheels mounted in an assembly line. A dummy wheel (10) is mounted on a wheel mounting portion (6) on which a wheel is not mounted. Subsequently, with a vehicle body supported, a wheel mounting portion elevating means (8) elevates the wheel mounting portion (6) via the dummy wheel (10). Thereafter, an alignment measuring means (9) measures wheel alignment for the wheel mounting portion (6) on which the dummy wheel (10) is mounted.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a device to assist in fitting a custom wheel to an automobile and methods of use thereof. In one embodiment, the device includes a plurality of measuring apparatuses for obtaining relevant measurements to assist in fitting a custom wheel to an automobile. In one method, a series of measurements pertaining to certain distances between a hub and a corresponding caliper of a vehicle wheel can be obtained using embodiments of the device of the invention. The measurements may be used to assist in the fitting of a custom wheel to an automobile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a toothed wheel comprising a central bore which defines a central rotation axle and a secondary bore in which a crankpin is fixed. The invention is characterized in that one of the faces thereof is equipped with means for determining the distance between the central axle of the central bore and the axle of the crankpin in the secondary bore, the means taking the form of coding means.

Abstract: A method and system for a wheel assembly service system are provided. The system includes a rotatable spindle configured to receive a wheel assembly, a load device configured to apply a load to the wheel assembly during a rotation of the wheel assembly on the spindle, and a controller configured to rotate the wheel assembly about a rotational axis of the wheel assembly, apply a load to the wheel assembly using the load device, determine a dimensional parameter of the wheel assembly, and output the determined effective diameter.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining alignment of a wheel mounted to a vehicle includes a plate, a housing and a light source. The plate has a top surface, a bottom surface, and an outer perimeter. The bottom surface is substantially planar and the outer perimeter includes an engagement portion. The plate is configured such that it may be positioned at least partially within a wheel rim, with the engagement portion and the bottom surface contacting interior circumferential and interior annular surfaces of the wheel rim, respectively, and with the bottom surface substantially perpendicular to the wheel rotational axis. The housing is attached to the top surface of the plate and defines a chamber. The light source is supported at least partially within the chamber and is configured to project light away from the housing. Methods are also provided for manufacturing a vehicle and for inspecting a wheel mounted upon a vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus that identifies and simulates vehicle wheel and tire dimensions can be removably attached to a vehicle wheel hub and adjusted in radial and axial directions to determine the dimension of a wheel and tire that would fit the vehicle.

Abstract: A wheel alignment system may include a wheel alignment sensor configured to provide information relevant to the inclination of the wheel. The wheel alignment sensor may contain an encapsulated package. The encapsulated package may contain a micro electromechanical sensor configured to sense inclination of the micro electromechanical sensor and a digital signal processing system configured to compensate for a deficiency in the wheel alignment sensor. The wheel alignment system may also include a wheel alignment processing system associated with the wheel alignment sensor and configured to receive and process the information relevant to the inclination of the wheel from the wheel alignment sensor and to provide useful output relating to the information about the inclination of the wheel.

Abstract: An adapter that eliminates that need for a clamp during the alignment of vehicle wheels. The adapter is particularly useful in tires that have lipless wheels, rim-guard tires, stiffer sidewalls and larger diameter wheels, which have caused problems when using traditional clamps. The adapter is cylindrical in shape and has a first end and a second end. The first end is attached to the alignment instrument. The second end is attached to a hole located in the center of a plate that is attached to the vehicle hub assembly through two or more lug bolts. The plate is positioned substantially parallel to the vehicle wheel and the alignment head is then attached directly to the hub through the clampless adapter, providing for improved accuracy in alignment measurements and corrections.

Abstract: A gauge for measuring non-skid tread depth and sidewall bulge/indentation includes a gauge body having a spaced apart tire-engaging lower legs and a guide slot extending along the body. Non-skid and bulge scales are provided along opposite sides of the guide slot and a reciprocally sliding slide member is mounted to reciprocally move within the guide slot. The slide member has scale indicia and a tire-engaging probe tip that extends between the spaced apart body legs. The probe tip is extended by the slide member until brought into engagement with a portion of the tire to be measured. A reading is visually made by noting alignment between the slide member indicia and the non-skid or bulge scales opposite thereto. The gauge may operate alternatively as a dual function gauge for measurement of sidewall bulge (or indentation) and tire non-skid tread depth.

Abstract: A mounting system for mounting an alignment instrument onto a vehicular wheel which is to be used to align the wheel of the vehicle. The mounting system includes a mounting plate which has an engagement structure located directly adjacent the peripheral edge of the mounting plate. At least a pair of lug nuts, and preferably three in number of the lug nuts, of the vehicular wheel are to be removed and replaced with elongated internally threaded sleeves, all the same length, which are substantially longer in length than the lug nuts so that the mounting plate will be mounted in a spaced relationship from the vehicular wheel. The mounting plate includes a series of pre-cut, designated bolt patterns generally radially disposed in a spaced apart arrangement relative to the center of the mounting plate. A fastener assembly is used to fixedly mount the mounting plate onto the elongated internally threaded sleeves.