Abstract: A multimodality phantom apparatus includes a housing and a system of materials disposed within the housing. The system of material includes a first amount of abase material, a second amount of glass microspheres, a third amount of CaCO3, a fourth amount of gadolinium contrast and a fifth amount of agarose. The housing may include a plurality of compartments and at least one slot. The system of materials may be disposed within at least one compartment. The slot may be used to receive a dosimeter.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a monitoring system (10,14) is described in which a calibration phantom (70) is located with its center located approximately at the isocenter of a treatment room through which a treatment apparatus (16) is arranged to direct radiation, wherein the surface of the calibration phantom (70) closest to an image capture device (72) of the monitoring system (10,14) is inclined approximately 45° relative to the camera plane of an image capture device of the monitoring system. Images of the calibration phantom (70) are then captured using the image capture device (72) and the images are processed to generate a model of the imaged surface of the calibration phantom.

Abstract: In a monitoring method for generating maintenance alerts, component IDs are extracted which identify medical imaging device components in electronic medical imaging device manuals (25, 26, 27, 28). Operating parameters of the medical imaging device components and associated operating parameter ranges are also extracted from the manuals, based on numeric values, parameter terms identifying operating parameters, and linking terms or symbols indicative of equality or inequality that connect the numeric values and parameter terms. The operating parameter ranges are formulated into decision rules (36) which are applied to log data (40) generated by a monitored medical imaging device (2) to detect out-of-range log data generated by the monitored medical imaging device. Maintenance alerts (24) are displayed on a display (18) in response to the detected out-of-range log data. The maintenance alerts are generated from out-of-range log data and are associated with component IDs contained in the out-of-range log data.

Abstract: A quality assurance device for a medical accelerator includes a housing having an inner radioluminescent layer adapted to provide a visual indication when contacted with invisible radiation generated by the medical accelerator. In addition, the quality assurance device includes one or more cameras located within the housing and adapted to image the inner radioluminescent layer of the housing including the visual indication.

Abstract: Radiographic imaging techniques include the use of an exposure sequence having a plurality of specimen exposure windows. The plurality of specimen exposure windows have a total exposure time period that satisfies a desired exposure time. The plurality of exposure frames resulting from the plurality of specimen exposure windows are summed to form an output frame. The output frame is provided as output.

Abstract: A method includes determining a predicted contrast-to-noise ratio sensitivity function (CNR SF) for crack detection of a predetermined target flaw size with the radiographic inspection system in the selected set-up. The method also includes qualifying an inspection image quality indicator (IQI) for the predetermined target flaw size for use in the radiographic inspection system in the selected set-up. The method also includes performing an inspection process. The inspection process includes selecting the qualified inspection IQI for the predetermined target flaw size. The inspection process also includes performing an inspection test on the qualified inspection IQI using the radiographic inspection system in the selected set-up. The inspection process also includes determining one or more inspection output parameters.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging device that includes an X-ray source, an X-ray sensor that acquires intensity information of X-rays, a distance sensor that obtains distance information to a surface of an imaging object, and an information processing device that obtains imaging information by using the intensity information and the distance information. The information processing device includes an extraction unit that extracts information used in generation of the imaging information from the intensity information by using at least the distance information, and a reconstruction unit that generates the imaging information by using the intensity information.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure include a C-arm registration system employing a controller (70) for registering a C-arm (60) to a X-ray ring marker (20). The X-ray ring marker (20) includes a coaxial construction of a chirp ring (40) and a centric ring (50) on an annular base (30). In operation, the controller (70) acquires a baseline X-ray image illustrative of the X-ray ring marker (20) within a baseline X-ray projection by the C-arm (60) at a baseline imaging pose, derives baseline position parameters of the X-ray ring marker (20) within the baseline X-ray projection as a function of an illustration of the centric ring (50) within the baseline X-ray image, and derives a baseline twist parameter of the X-ray ring marker (20) within the baseline X-ray projection as a function of the baseline position parameters and of an illustration of the chirp ring (40) within the baseline X-ray image.

Abstract: A method and a device of controlling the position of the X-ray tube of a computed tomography (CT) system may include: acquiring an AP signal output by an AP sensor of the CT system, an IP signal output by an IP sensor and encoder data output by a motor, determining a homing positioning signal AP0 of the AP signal based on the AP signal and the IP signal, where the homing positioning signal AP0 is used to determine the starting point of the period of rotation of the X-ray tube, utilizing the encoder data to calculate the encoder data containing AP signal based on the determined homing positioning signal AP0, where the encoder data containing AP signal is the AP signal processed by use of the encoder data, and controlling the position of the X-ray tube based on the encoder data containing AP signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure include a C-arm registration system employing a controller (70) for registering a C-arm (60) to an X-ray ripple marker (20) including a ripple pattern (50) radially extending from a fixed point (40) of the X-ray ripple marker (20). In operation, the controller (70) identifies the ripple pattern (50) within an X-ray image generated from an X-ray projection by the C-arm (60) and illustrative of a portion or an entirety of the ripple pattern (50), the identification of the ripple pattern (50) within the X-ray image is characteristic of a pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm (60) relative to the X-ray rippler marker (20). The controller (70) further analyzes the ripple pattern (50) within the X-ray image to derive one or more transformation parameters definitive of the pose of the X-ray projection by the C-arm (60) relative to the X-ray rippler marker (20), and registers the C-arm (60) to the X-ray ripple marker (20) based on the transformation parameter(s).

Abstract: A quality assurance device for a medical accelerator includes a housing having an inner radioluminescent layer adapted to provide a visual indication when contacted with invisible radiation generated by the medical accelerator. In addition, the quality assurance device includes one or more passive optical components within the housing adapted to deliver an image of the inner radioluminescent layer of the housing including the visual indication to one or more cameras located outside of the housing.

Abstract: A quality control phantom and an evaluation method for magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging includes: a phantom main body; a container, a circulating liquid being provided in the container; a tube, comprising a first tube and a second tube, one end of the first tube being in communication with the container, the other end being in communication with a liquid inlet of the phantom main body, one end of the second tube being in communication with the container, the other end being in communication with a liquid outlet of the phantom main body, and the first tube, the phantom main body, the second tube and the container jointly forming a closed loop; a pump, provided on the first tube and used to drive the circulating liquid to circulate along the closed loop to generate a perfusion signal in the phantom main body.

Abstract: A test article containing test objects for assessing and evaluating an image producing x-ray computed tomography system, includes: an exterior shell assembly surrounding an inner volume; a base assembly comprising a flat base portion; a support structure comprising one or more partitions configured to support the test objects, a pair of component supports configured to support an angled bar test object, and one or more brackets configured to attach to at least one of: a partition and the flat base portion; an object length test object connected to the one or more partitions; an angled bar test object connected to the pair of component supports; an NEQ test object comprising a support extension with a threaded attachment configured to connect to a threaded attachment on another test object; and an acetal cylinder test object comprising two threaded mounting extensions and configured to support at least one metal annular device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring the distribution of radiation dose emitted from a brachytherapy insertion tool, the apparatus including a housing having defined therein a measurement space in which the brachytherapy insertion tool is located, a fluorescent member disposed at the housing, the fluorescent member being configured to react with radiation emitted to the measurement space and to emit light, a camera disposed in the housing, and a cover coupled to one surface of the housing, the cover being configured to cover the fluorescent member. The portion of the fluorescent member to which radiation from a radiation source of the brachytherapy insertion tool is applied reacts with the radiation and generates light, brightness of the light varies depending on distribution of the radiation, and the position at which the light is bright is calculated to measure the direction in which the brachytherapy insertion tool has no shielding.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing in-situ radiation measurements within a density equivalent package is disclosed. The apparatus may include a radiation detector embedded within the density equivalent package that is configured to measure an amount of exposure of a phantom material of the density equivalent package to radiation emitted by an irradiation device. The phantom material may have density equivalence with an object or substance for which radiation exposure information is sought and the phantom material may serve as a substitute for the object or substance. A signal including the measurement of the amount of exposure of the phantom material to the radiation may be provided to a processor of the apparatus for processing. The processor may process the signal to interpret and provide additional information relating to the measurement and may provide the information to a device communicatively linked to the apparatus.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for utilizing machine learning techniques to analyze data associated with one or more dental practices to identify missed treatment opportunities, future treatment opportunities, or provider performance metrics. The treatment opportunities or performance metrics may be determined or identified based at least in part on a comparison of patient data, such as data stored in association with a dental office's practice management system, with the output of one or more machine learning models' processing of associated radiograph images of the dental office's patients. The one or more machine learning models may include models that identify, from image data of a radiograph, a dental condition depicted in the radiograph, which may be mapped by a computer system to a corresponding dental treatment recommended for the identified dental condition.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and system are provided to calibrate a sensor array with a plurality of sensors. The method can include sweeping a voltage of a reference electrode from a first voltage to a second voltage, where the reference electrode is in fluid communication with the sensor array. The output voltage of each of the plurality of sensors can be monitored at one or more voltages within the first and second voltages. An overall average gain of the plurality of sensors can be calculated at each of the one or more voltages. Further, an acquisition window for the sensor array can be determined. The acquisition window can include a maximum distribution of sensors that provides a maximal overall average gain at a particular reference electrode voltage.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for generating a corrected image are provided. A first robotic arm may be configured to orient a source at a first pose and a second robotic arm may be configured to orient a detector at a plurality of second poses. An image dataset may be received from the detector at each of the plurality of second poses to yield a plurality of image datasets. The plurality of datasets may comprise an initial image having a scatter effect. The plurality of image datasets may be saved. A scatter correction may be determined and configured to correct the scatter effect. The correction may be applied to the initial image to correct the scatter effect.

Abstract: The present invention is a method or system for acceptance testing and commissioning of a LINAC and treatment planning system (TPS). For a LINAC commissioning, the present invention collects reference data from a fully calibrated LINAC and compares the reference data with machine performance data collected from LINAC. The compared results are analyzed to assess accuracy of the testing LINAC. For a TPS commissioning, the present invention collects standard reference data from standard treatment plans and standard input data and compares the standard reference data with results from standard tests that are performed by a testing treatment plan system. The compares results are analyzed to assess accuracy of the testing treatment plan system.

Abstract: An image quality indicator (IQI) system includes a crack IQI. The crack IQI includes a penetrameter having a first body and a second body disposed in the first body. The first body has a first body inner surface defining a first body hole. The second body has a second body outer surface disposed adjacent the first body inner surface to form an interface having an interface gap. The IQI system also includes a radiation source spaced from the penetrameter and configured to transmit radiation rays to the penetrameter. The IQI system also includes a radiation detector disposed adjacent the penetrameter and configured to generate an IQI radiographic image indicative of an interface gap characteristic of the interface gap.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a Computer Tomography (CT) image of an object reduces heel effect artefacts and includes generating x-rays using an x-ray source comprising an angled anode, recording at least one set of 2D projections of the object or a part thereof, and generating at least one 3D CT image of the object. Each 3D CT image is corrected, wherein scaling factors for slices of voxels are determined with at least one 3D CT calibration image that pictures similar or identical object structures of a calibration object placed within the x-ray beam path with respect to a y-direction. A contribution to grey values of voxels belonging to said object structures attributable to the slice position in the y direction is determined at least approximately, and the scaling factor for a respective slice of voxels is chosen such that it compensates for the determined grey value contribution for that slice.

Abstract: Systems and methods associated with a phantom assembly are provided. A housing includes a plurality of slots and is formed from a first material having a first appearance under a selected imaging modality. A plurality of inserts are each configured to be received by one of the plurality of slots. At least one insert includes a target formed from a second material having a second appearance under the selected imaging modality, such that the target is readily distinguishable from the housing under the selected imaging modality. The target includes a hollow portion that can be accessed via a removable plug.

Abstract: An example computer-implemented method for tuning a beam spot in a radiation therapy system has been disclosed. The example method includes configuring an electron beam to generate a first beam spot on an electron-beam target of the radiation therapy system, generating, using an imager of the radiation therapy system, a first plurality of projection images of the first beam spot, wherein each of the projection images of the first beam spot is generated with a line of sight blocked between the imager and a different respective portion of the beam spot, based on the first plurality of projection images, determining a value for one or more beam spot quality metrics associated with the first beam spot, and based on the value, determining whether the first beam spot is outside a specified quality range.

Abstract: A size and/or shape specific 3D-beam modulation filter and a size and/or shape specific immobilizer are provided for cone-beam breast computed tomography (bCT). The immobilizer places the breast on an optimal position in the field of view of the scanner system and the 3D-beam modulation filter modulates the incident x-ray beam in the cone-angle (i.e. z-axis of the detector panel) and fan angle (i.e. x-axis of the detector panel) directions in order to improve equalization of the photon fluence incident upon the detector panel and reduce unnecessary radiation dose that the breast receives. Both the immobilizer and the 3D-beam modulation filter are selected among a plurality of alternatives based on the specific shape, size and/or shape or size of the person's breast.

Abstract: A photon counting computed tomography (CT) apparatus according to an embodiment includes a photon counting detector and processing circuitry. The photon counting detector detects X-ray photons to acquire energy information. The processing circuitry acquires at least one piece of information out of information on an imaging mode, information on a site to be imaged, and information on a medical device. The processing circuitry, based on the acquired information, determines at least one condition out of a condition on an energy band of data collected by the photon counting detector and a condition on an energy band for data for use in reconstruction processing out of the data collected by the photon counting detector.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus is provided. The radiation imaging apparatus comprises a plurality of pixels used to acquire a radiation image, and a readout circuit configured to read out a signal from each of the plurality of pixels. Correction image data used for performing offset correction is acquired from the plurality of pixels in an acquisition mode associated with an estimated value of the signal and system noise generated when the readout circuit reads out the signal, the estimated value and the system noise being set according to an imaging mode by a user.

Abstract: The method may include obtaining a first set of imaging data affording a sagittal view relating to a subject and a first couch supporting the subject. The first couch may have a plurality of first positions reflected in the first set of imaging data as a first conformation. The method may also include determining a displacement field associated with a first set of imaging data with respect to the reference conformation based on the first conformation and a reference conformation. The method may further include adjusting the first set of imaging data with respect to the reference conformation based on the displacement field. In some embodiments, the method may include obtaining an image of the subject with respect to the reference conformation based on the adjusted first set of imaging data.

Abstract: A method of generating a template image includes: receiving an input from a user representing identifications of an object in different respective slices of a volumetric image; using the input to determine a volume-of-interest (VOI) that includes voxels in a subset of the volumetric image; and determining the template image using at least some of the voxels in the VOI, wherein the act of determining the template image comprises performing a forward projection of the at least some of the voxels in the VOI using a processor. An image processing method includes: obtaining a volumetric image; performing forward projection of voxels in the volumetric image from different positions onto a first plane using a processor; and summing projections on the first plane resulted from the forward projection from the different positions to create a first image slice in the first plane.

Abstract: A method for the real-time control of exposure to an X-ray dose emitted by a generator tube for generating an X-ray beam and received by a detector includes a flat panel detector, comprising a set of pixels organized into a matrix along rows and columns and configured so as to generate signals on the basis of the X-ray dose impinging on the detector, the generator tube comprising a control unit for controlling the generator tube that is configured so as to control an emitted X-ray dose, the control method comprising the following steps: exposing the flat panel detector to an X-ray dose emitted by the generator tube for generating an X-ray beam; repeatedly reading out at least one of the rows of pixels while the flat panel detector is exposed to the X-ray dose; determining a payload signal and a stray signal based on the signals from the readout of the at least one of the rows; transmitting the payload signal to the control unit for controlling the generator tube.

Abstract: A natural language processing system includes a storage device and a processor. The storage device is configured to preload records of failure histories of semiconductor equipment, and the records of the failure histories of the semiconductor equipment include natural language. The processor is electrically connected to the storage device and is configured to perform a natural language process on the records of the failure histories of the semiconductor equipment to generate an abnormal model classification table.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system and method for evaluating and calibrating detector in a scanner, further evaluating and calibrating time information detected by at least one time-to-digital convertor.

Abstract: A test piece holder for coalbed fracturing comprises a pressure chamber, first sliding rods, second sliding rods, third sliding rods, fourth sliding rods, fifth sliding rods, oil cylinders and a sealing ring, upper and lower ends of a test piece are both provided with an electrode needle and a gas-guide and liquid-guide conducting bolt, the gas-guide and liquid-guide conducting bolt has a hollow rod structure, an inside end of the gas-guide and liquid-guide conducting bolt located above is communicated with a water-gas channel and an outside end of the gas-guide and liquid-guide conducting bolt located above is a water-gas outlet, an inside end of the gas-guide and liquid-guide conducting bolt located below is communicated with the water-gas channel and an outside end of the gas-guide and liquid-guide conducting bolt located below is respectively provided with a gas inlet and a water inlet.

Abstract: A source image distance (SID) adjustable X-ray imaging apparatus is provided. The X-ray imaging apparatus may include an arm including a first end and a second end, a first X-ray component arranged at the first end of the arm, and a second X-ray component arranged at the second end of the arm. The first X-ray component and the second X-ray component may be opposite to each other. The first X-ray component may be configured to generate X-rays or receive X-rays. The first end may include a first weight balancing mechanism. When the first X-ray component moves with respect to the first weight balancing mechanism, the SID of the X-ray imaging apparatus may change but the first weight balancing mechanism may maintain a center of gravity of the first end unchanged.

Abstract: A method comprises the steps of: (a) Obtaining a measured X-ray spectrum for the coated sample, for determining characteristics for the sample and for a coating material; (b) Determining a simulated X-ray spectrum for the sample based on an initial sample composition; (c) Determining an adapted sample composition that improves a match between the characteristics of the sample and an adapted simulated X ray spectrum; (d) Determining an adapted coating thickness for the coating material based on the adapted sample composition and characteristics of the coating; and (e) Repeating the steps (b) to (d) using the adapted sample composition and the adapted coating thickness of the coating material instead of the initial values, wherein the coating thickness is used for determining an absorption of X-rays.

Abstract: Method for determining an operational parameter for an imaging device for imaging at least one part of a build plane, in particular for a determination device for determining at least one parameter of an energy beam for an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects, comprising the steps: determining at least one spot parameter that relates to an extension of a spot, in particular a spot of an energy beam, in a determination plane; determining a difference between the determined spot parameter and a nominal spot parameter; determining an imaging parameter of the imaging device based on the determined difference adjusting the imaging parameter based on the determined difference.

Abstract: A method is for generating image data of an examination object via a computed tomography system including a data processing unit; an X-ray radiation source and an X-ray radiation detector suspended on a support and mounted to be rotatable about a z-axis; and an examination table for supporting the examination object and a reference object arranged in a fixed position relative to the examination table. The method includes generating a raw data set by displacing the X-ray radiation source and the X-ray radiation detector relative to the examination object. During generation of the raw data set, at least one part of the examination object is sampled together with at least one part of the reference object. The sampling of the at least one part of the reference object is used to compensate at least in part for the influence of movement errors during the displacement.

Abstract: Volume data is generated by performing a CT scan with a spherical calibration jig having known dimensions in contact with an object. A profile of the surface shape of the object in the volume data is obtained, and a boundary surface of the spherical calibration jig is calculated from the center coordinates of the spherical calibration jig. A correction value for adjusting a boundary surface of the object determined from the gradient of the profile to the boundary surface of the spherical calibration jig is determined, and the boundary surface of the object is corrected by using the correction value. The shape of the object is determined by using the corrected boundary surface. The precision of measurement X-ray CT can thus be increased by accurately detecting the boundary surface of the object.

Abstract: A system for imaging an object includes an X-ray source operative to transmit X-rays through the object and a detector to receive the X-ray energy of the X-rays after passing through the object and to generate corresponding object X-ray intensity. The system also includes a controller to measure a detector entrance dose with no object being placed on the X-ray beam path and determine a relationship between an X-ray tube electrical parameter and the detector entrance dose. The controller further determines a relationship between the X-ray tube electrical parameter, the detector entrance dose and a detector average pixel intensity and obtains a normalized air map as a function of the X-ray tube electrical parameter based on calibration image data. The controller also generates an air map based on the normalized air map, the detector entrance dose and the detector average pixel intensity and reconstructs an image of the object based on the air map and the measured object X-ray intensity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an alternative geometric calibration method based on a calibration phantom with multiple line-shaped markers. The markers can in some embodiments take the form of radio-opaque wires. Line fiducials overcome the occlusion hazards of spherical fiducials, because their projections overlap very mildly as long as the wires are mutually non-coplanar in 3D. This makes the phantom amenable to a wider range of orbits and less sensitive to phantom positioning. Equations relating the pose of 3D line-shaped objects to their 2D radiographic projections are then used as the basis for view-by-view geometry estimation. The technique can flexibly accommodate a wide range of different CT scan trajectories, including strongly noncircular trajectories known to provide better image quality than standard circular scans.

Abstract: Methods and devices for tracking an x-ray tube focal spot position are described. As successive images are captured by an image capturing system that includes the x-ray tube, the focal spot may change position. To track the change, one or more artificial targets may be arranged relative to the image capturing system such that an initial image is received that includes the artificial targets at a first position in the initial image. A gain map may be generated based on the initial image, and applied to a subsequent image received that also includes the artificial targets to generate a normalized subsequent image. A shift of the artificial targets from the first position in the initial image to a second position in the normalized subsequent image may be identified, where the shift corresponds to the focal spot's position change. Mathematical and/or physical adjustments may be made to correct for the change.

Abstract: A system includes determination of a first sub-matrix of a projection matrix which describes a geometrical relationship between points of a three-dimensional coordinate system of the imaging system and points of a two-dimensional coordinate system of an image detector, determination of a second sub-matrix of the projection matrix, where the first and second sub-matrixes comprise a decomposition of the projection matrix, conversion of a first point of the two-dimensional coordinate system to a first point of the three-dimensional coordinate system based on the first and second sub-matrixes, determination of an updated first sub-matrix of an updated projection matrix, where the updated projection matrix describes a second geometrical relationship between points of the three-dimensional coordinate system and points of the two-dimensional coordinate system, and conversion of a second point of the two-dimensional coordinate system to a second point of the three-dimensional coordinate system based on the updated fi

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a hardware processor. The hardware processor estimates a body thickness and an irradiation field region of a subject based on a radiograph obtained by radiographing the subject. Further, the hardware processor calculates a distance from a focus of a radiation source to a radiation entrance point based on the body thickness. Still further, the hardware processor calculates an irradiation field size based on the irradiation field region. Yet further, the hardware processor calculates an exposure dose based on the distance, the irradiation field size, and in imaging condition used in radiographing the subject.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a hardware processor that acquires image data of a radiograph, calculates an exposure index related to noise in the radiograph on the basis of the image data that is acquired, and causes a notifier to notify of a matter based on the exposure index that is calculated.

Abstract: The subject of this invention is a system and method for distortion adaptation for use with an imaging grid alignment apparatus (analogue or digital) and method of intra-operative use for joint replacements, spine, trauma fracture reductions and deformity correction and implant placement/alignment. The system provides for real time dynamic position tracked distortion-adaption grid.

Abstract: A radiation detector that generates and outputs image data representing a radiographic image corresponding to emitted radiation, and up and down directions of the radiation detector are set in advance with respect to top and bottom directions of the radiographic image, a detection unit that detects at least one direction of the up or down directions of the radiation detector, and a display unit that is provided in a housing for accommodating the radiation detector and displays direction information representing the at least one direction of the up and down directions of the radiation detector detected by the detection unit are included.

Abstract: A radiography machine provides information about the absolute dimension of imaged objects with as few as two images taken along a common axis at different separations. The information gathered in this way may also be used to deduce absolute or relative separation of the objects along the common axis.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for determining degree of motion using machine learning to improve medical image quality are presented. In one example, a system generates, based on a convolutional neural network, motion probability data indicative of a probability distribution of a degree of motion for medical imaging data generated by a medical imaging device. The system also determines motion score data for the medical imaging data based on the motion probability data.

Abstract: A radiation image processing apparatus includes: a group processing unit classifying a plurality of metal markers into a first group relatively far from a detector and a second group relatively close to the detector based on the area of each image of the plurality of metal markers in a captured image; a marker classification unit classifying the plurality of metal markers based on the relative positions of the plurality of metal markers to on the image plane of the captured image for each of the classified groups; and a pair processing unit selecting the metal markers of the first group and the metal markers of the second group, of which the relative positions match each other, as a pair.

Abstract: A method for providing an item of conversion information describing an allocation rule of at least one physical property value of a material in a voxel relating to an image value of the voxel in a three-dimensional image dataset recorded with an X-ray apparatus is provided. By scanning a phantom including at least one calibration material in the X-ray apparatus, a calibration database that is used for determining the allocation rule is determined. The image dataset is recorded with a receiving spectrum geared to an X-ray detector of the X-ray apparatus. The receiving spectrum is described by at least one spectral parameter. For determining the allocation rule dependent upon the spectral parameter, calibration data derived from the measured calibration dataset describing different receiving spectra is used.

Abstract: Methods to quantify motion of a human or animal subject during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam are provided. In particular, these algorithms make it possible to track head motion over an extended range by processing data obtained from multiple cameras. These methods make current motion tracking methods more applicable to a wider patient population.