Abstract: A nonirritant composition which is useful in restoring hair and which comprises a normally solid, water-insoluble hair restorer, for example, minoxidil, a normally solid Hsieh dermal penetration-facilitator for the hair restorer, for example, pentadecalactone, and a solvent or co-solvent in which the hair restorer and the facilitator are solubilized and which does not impart to the composition irritant properties, and wherein, upon application to the surface of the skin of a recipient, the hair restorer penetrates the dermal layer of the skin and with minimal systemic delivery of the hair restorer into the blood stream of the recipient.

Abstract: The rate of absorption of drugs across skin and other body membranes such as mucous membranes and the blood brain barrier is enhanced by adding to the drug composition a compound which enhances the rate. This compound may be a macrocyclic ester, diester, amide, diamide, amidine, diamidine, thioester, dithioester, thioamide, ketone or lactone. The macrocyclic ketone contains at least 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The rate of absorption of drugs across skin and other body membranes such as mucous membranes and the blood brain barrier is enhanced by adding to the drug composition a compound which enhances the rate. This compound may be macrocyclic ester, diester, amide, diamide, amidine, diamidine, thioester, dithioester, thioamide, ketone or lactone. The macrocyclic ketone contains at least 12 carbon atoms.