Abstract: A method to make levulinic acid (LA), furfural, or gamma-valerolactone (GVL). React cellulose (and/or other C6 carbohydrates) or xylose (and/or other C5 carbohydrates) or combinations thereof in a monophasic reaction medium comprising GVL and an acid; or (ii) a biphasic reaction system comprising an organic layer comprising GVL, and a substantially immiscible aqueous layer. At least a portion of the cellulose (and/or other C6 carbohydrates), if present, is converted to LA and at least a portion of the xylose (and/or other C5 carbohydrates), if present, is converted into furfural.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for resolution of a mixture of pinocembrin optical isomers, in particular a pinocembrin racemate, using a chiral primary amine or a chiral sulfinamide. The present invention also relates to a (R)-(+)-pinocembrin obtained by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to all compounds of the formula (I) or (II) in which: L is a neutral ligand; X, X? are anionic ligands; R1 and R2 are, separately, a hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl, a C1-C6 perhalogenoalkyl, a aldehyde, a ketone, an ester, a nitrile, an aryl, a pyridinium alkyl, an optionally substituted C5 or C6 pyridinium alkyl, perhalogenoalkyl or cyclohexyl, a Cnh2NY radical 10 with n between 1 and 6 and y an i8onic marker, or a radical having the formula: wherein R1 can be a radical of formula (Ibis) when the compound has formula (I) or of formula (IIbis) when the compound has formula (II), R3 is a C1-C6 alkyl, or a C5 or C6 cycloalkyl or a C5 or C6 aryl; R0, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, are, separately, a hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, a C1-C6 perhalogenoalkyl, or a C5 or C6 aryl; wherein R9, R10, R11 can be a heterocycle; X1 is anion. R1 and R2 can form, with the N and the C to which they are attached, a heterocycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a prostaglandin derivative of formula (A): which comprises reacting an aldehyde represented by formula (1): with a 2-oxoalkyl phosphonate in a reaction solvent under the presence of alkali hydroxide as sole base. By carrying out the reaction using an alkali hydroxide as sole base in the reaction system, the desired prostaglandin derivative can be obtained by simple procedures and with high yield.

Abstract: A method to produce levulinic acid (LA) and ?-valerolactone (GVL) from biomass-derived cellulose by selective extraction of LA by alkylphenol (AP) and hydrogenation of LA, in which mineral acid used in the method is recycled and the final concentration of GVL is increased by successive extraction/hydrogenation steps to allow for effective separation by distillation.

Abstract: The invention is a method of purifying propylene oxide containing acetone, water, methanol, methyl formate, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons impurities. The method comprises contacting the propylene oxide with a glycol and a C7 or greater alkane in a liquid/liquid solvent extraction, and separating propylene oxide having reduced impurities content. The purified propylene oxide may be produced by reacting propylene and a hydroperoxide to produce a crude propylene oxide effluent, distilling the crude effluent to produce a propylene oxide stream which contains 1-5 weight percent of the impurities, contacting the propylene oxide stream with a glycol and a C7 or greater alkane in a liquid/liquid solvent extraction, then separating an alkane fraction comprising propylene oxide from a glycol fraction, and distilling the alkane fraction in one or more steps to produce an alkane bottoms stream and a propylene oxide product having less than 0.1 weight percent impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing (±)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans from crude (±)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans obtained by subjecting (±)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan-2(1H)-ones which are produced by cyclizing a homofarnesylic acid amide or a monocyclohomofarnesylic acid amide in the presence of an acid agent and then hydrolyzing the cyclized product, to reduction reaction and then to cyclization reaction, said process including (i) an alkali treatment step in which the crude (±)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans are heated in the presence of an alcohol and a metal hydroxide; and (ii) a washing treatment step in which the crude (±)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans are washed with an aqueous acid solution. The thus obtained (±)-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans have a less off-odor and hardly suffer from deterioration of their smell during storage.

Abstract: Methods for making trans-(?)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol and trans-(+)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a trans-(?)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol composition is prepared by allowing a composition comprising (±)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol to separate on a chiral stationary phase to provide a trans-(?)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol composition comprising at least about 99% by weight of trans-(?)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol based on the total amount of trans-(?)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol and trans-(+)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The invention also relates to methods for treating or preventing a condition such as pain comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a trans-(?)-?9-tetrahydrocannabinol having a purity of at least about 98% based on the total weight of cannabinoids.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of an alpha-amino beta-hydroxy acid of Formula 1 wherein the variables R1, R?1 and R2 are defined herein and the compound of Formula 1 has an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 55% or greater.

Abstract: A compound of formula (ascorbate)2Sr:(M+a)x(ascorbate)y, or ascorbate)2Sr:Ca(ascorbate)2, a composition containing the same, a method of making the same and a method of administering the same as a supplement.

Abstract: A compound of formula (ascorbate)2Sr:(M+a)x(ascorbate)y, or ascorbate)2Sr:Ca(ascorbate)2, a composition containing the same, a method of making the same and a method of administering the same as a supplement.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a protected ligand precursor having structure XX wherein R8 is independently at each occurrence a protected hydroxy group, a protected C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group, or a C1-C3 alkyl group, and b is 0-4; R9-R11 are independently at each occurrence hydrogen, a protected C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group, or a C1-C3 alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R8-R11 is a protected hydroxy group or a protected C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group; and R12 and R13 are independently at each occurrence a protecting group is selected from the group consisting of C1-C30 aliphatic radicals, C3-C30 cycloaliphatic radicals, and C2-C30 aromatic radicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use in fragrance compositions. Novel 3.2.

Abstract: Xanthene compounds are disclosed having fluorescence at multiple wavelengths. Also disclosed are methods for their synthesis and use. Some of the compounds fluoresce at three wavelengths, emitting white light. Uses include the imaging of biological tissues, illumination, and display technologies. Many of the compounds have large Stokes shifts, and are resistant to photobleaching. The fluorescence may be readily distinguished from that of endogenous fluorophores, and from that of most existing, commercially-available fluorescent probes. The compounds are well suited for use in “multiplexing” techniques. They exhibit clear isosbestic and isoemissive points, and have broad absorption and emission ranges.

Abstract: This invention largely relates to 3,4,6-trisubstituted benzoxaborole compounds, and their use for treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and processes are provided for a tube reactor including multiple, substantially parallel reaction tubes arranged within a tube reactor shell, the reaction tubes spaced apart such that a thermal fluid can flow between the tubes and transfer heat between the tubes and the thermal fluid during operation; an inlet head defining an inlet head space, where the inlet head space is in fluid communication with an inlet end of the reaction tubes, and an outlet head including an outlet head shell and at least one insert positioned within an outlet head space defined by the outlet head, where the insert defines a reduced volume outlet head space relative to that defined by the outlet head, and where the reduced volume outlet head space is in fluid communication with an outlet end of the reaction tubes and in fluid communication with a reactor outlet.

Abstract: Isoflavone derivatives are provided comprising a carboxyalkylene moiety linked via its alkylene chain to the aromatic ring and via its carboxy group to an aminoalkyleneamino residue, which, in turn, is covalently linked to a functional group B. The isoflavone derivatives are preferably derived from biochanin A, genistein, and daidzein, and the functional group B is preferably an amino protecting group. These isoflavone derivatives are useful for treating or preventing diseases or disorders associated with estrogen receptor functioning.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon-containing gas is mixed with an oxygen gas in a gas mixer in the presence of coarse water droplet environment, e.g., a ‘rainy’ or ‘driving rainstorm’ environment in which the water droplets generally have a size greater than 200 microns SMD. The water droplets surround and contact entrained particles in either the oxygen gas stream or the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream. The water acts to suppress, prevent and quench ignition of the hydrocarbon gas in the mixer which would otherwise be caused by energetic collisions between such particles and structures within the gas mixer. In one configuration the gas mixer includes water pipes having coarse water droplet-producing nozzles at the peripheral end thereof concentrically located within oxygen supply pipes. Additionally, nozzles introduce coarse water droplets into a pipe carrying the hydrocarbon gas and forming a mixing chamber for the hydrocarbon and oxygen gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of dronabinol ((6aR-trans)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol, ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC)) from cannabidiol (CBD) by cyclization of cannabidiol (CBD) (2-[1R-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzoldiol) to ?9-THC. The method according to the present invention is characterized in that cannabidiol (CBD) (B) is present in an organic solvent and cyclized to ?9-THC in the presence of a molecular sieve while being heated. It was found out that, in the method of the present invention, the molecular sieve not only has the previously mentioned drying properties, but also exhibits strong catalytic properties which are important in this reaction. Normally, cyclizations carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst only are distinctly slower and the ?9-THC yield is lower than in cyclizations carried out in the present of a molecular sieve.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting lipids of varying polarities from oleaginous material.