Abstract: The present invention provides a novel nitrile compound useful as an intermediate for the production of, for example, N,N-substituted cyclic amine derivatives or phenylacetonitrile derivatives that are useful as a medicine. Specifically it provides a nitrile carboxylic acid compound, nitrile ester compound and nitrile alcohol compound. That is, it provides a nitrile compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 means substituents; m means 0 or an integer of from 1 to 6; n means 0 or an integer of from 1 to 5; and R3 means carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or hydroxymethyl group.

Abstract: A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor regulator containing a carboxylic acid derivative of formula (I) (wherein all symbols are as defined in the specification), a non-toxic acid thereof or a hydrate thereof as active ingredient. Because of having an effect of regulating PPAR, a compound of formula (I) is useful as a hypoglycemic agent, a hypolipidemic agent, a preventive and/or a remedy for diseases associating metabolic disorders (diabetes, obesity, syndrome X, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, etc.), hyperlipemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, circulatory diseases, overeating, coronary heart diseases, etc., an HDL cholesterol-elevating agent, an LDL cholesterol and/or VLDL cholesterol-lowering agent and a drug for relief from risk factors of diabetes or syndrome X.

Abstract: Epothilone A, epothilone B, analogs of epothilone and libraries of epothilone analogs are synthesized. Epothilone A and B are known anticancers agents that derive their anticancer activity by the prevention of mitosis through the induction and stabilization of microtubule assembly. The analogs of epothilone are novel. Several of the analogs are demonstrated to have a superior cytotoxic activity as compared to epothilone A or epothilone B as demonstrated by their enhanced ability to induce the polymerization and stabilization of microtubules.

Abstract: Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are provided which are useful in stimulating endogenous production or release of growth hormone and in treating obesity, osteoporosis (improving bone density) and in improving muscle mass and muscle strength. The heterocyclic aromatic compounds have the structure including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and all stereoisomers thereof, wherein Xa is heteroaryl, preferably,  and R1, R1a, R6, Y, Xb, A, B, Z, R3, R4, R4a, R5 and R5a are as defined herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 2-amino-5-acylamino-4-substituted-phenol compound having the structural formula I: wherein Y is a substituent group, and R′ is a ballast group. Also disclosed is a simplified method for preparing a photographic coupler using this compound.

Abstract: This invention is directed to methods of treating conditions which present with low bone mass, particularly osteoporosis, frailty, an osteoporotic fracture, a bone defect, childhood idiopathic bone loss, alveolar bone loss, mandibular bone loss, bone fracture, osteotomy, bone loss associated with periodontitis, or prosthetic ingrowth comprising administering prostaglandin agonists which are EP4 receptor selective prostaglandin agonists. This invention is especially directed to those methods wherein the EP4 receptor selective agonist is a compound of Formula I: wherein the variables are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A compound named Amycomycin of the formula: is described, as well as its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives, in all their stereoisomeric and tautomeric forms. The compound is obtained by growing the microorganism Amycolatopsis species ST101170 (DSM 12216) and is useful as a pharmaceutical, particularly as an antibiotic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new, efficient processes for the preparation of 5-(2-oxazolylalkylthio)-2-azacycloalkanoylaminothiazole compounds of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R6 and R7 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy or alkoxy; R8 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, CONR9R10, COR11 or COOR12; R9, R10, R11 and R12 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; m equals 0 to 5; and n equals 0 to 5, which are novel, potent inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases (cdks). The present invention further concerns new key intermediate compounds, a quaternary ammonium salt of formula III′ and a 2-oxazolylalkyl derivative of formula IX.

Abstract: This invention relates to derivatives of alpha-amino acid amides, to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and to their use in medicine as inhibitors of cysteine proteases, particularly the cathepsins. A compound of formula (I) is described or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, hydrogen chloride, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid salts.

Abstract: The invention relates to BCAT inhibitors and the use thereof for treating or preventing neuronal loss associated with stroke, ischemia, CNS trauma, hypoglycemia and surgery, as well as treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Down's syndrome, treating or preventing the adverse consequences of the overstimulation of the excitatory amino acids, treating anxiety, psychosis, convulsions, aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss, migraine headache, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, CMV retinitis, urinary incontinence, opioid tolerance or withdrawal, and inducing anesthesia, as well as for enhancing cognition.

Abstract: Acyl guanidines are provided which are sodium/proton exchange (NHE) inhibitors which have the structure wherein n is 0 to 4; X is a bond, O, S, SO, SO2, CO, or NR7; Y is a bond, O, S, SO, SO2, CO, or NR7′ wherein at least one of X and Y is other than a bond; and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd are as defined herein, and are useful as antianginal, cardioprotective agents, antiischemic agents, and agents for peripheral vascular disease including intermittent claudication. In addition, a method is provided for preventing or treating angina pectoris, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial necrosis, arrhythmia, peripheral vascular diseases (PVD), including peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD), including intermittent claudication, Raynaud's diseases, and LeRiches Syndrome, pain, parethesia or discomfort in the lower limb and gluteal regions produced by vascular (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) that are p-38 MAP kinase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods for their use, and methods for preparing these compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds which are obtained by fermenting DSM 6773, especially epothilones A1, A2, A8, A9, B10, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, D1, D2, D5, G1, G2, H1, H2, I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6 and K and trans-epothilones C1 and C2.

Abstract: A pyrrolesulfonamide derivative having the following formula (I): wherein the ring P represented by  is a pyrrole ring having the following structure: wherein R represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl or aralkyl; the dashed line indicates the presence or absence of a bond; l stands for 0 or 1; A represents alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene; and Y represents a group  in which W represents CH, C═ or N; m stands for 0 or 1 when W is CH or N, or m stands for 1 when W is C═; B represents a specific divalent group; E1 and E2 each independently represents H or lower alkyl; and D represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group. The compound (I) has strong serotonin-2 receptor antagonistic action and low toxicity and less side effects, and is useful as a therapeutic for circulatory diseases such as ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular disturbances and peripheral circulatory disturbances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an indazole derivative, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvated product and isomer thereof substituted with 1,1-dioxoisothiazolidine which are useful as inhibitors for Cyclin Dependent Kinase(CDK). The present invention also relates to an agent for inhibiting and treating diseases involving cell proliferation, e.g., cancer, inflammation, restenosis, angiogenesis, etc. which comprises the compound of formula (1) as an active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The invention provides thiazolidinedione, oxadiazolidinedione, and triazolone compounds of Formula (I) which compounds are thyroid receptor ligands. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising such compounds and methods of treating obesity, overweight condition, hyperlipidemia, glaucoma, cardiac arrhythmias, skin disorders, thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, depression, and osteoporosis using such compounds.

Abstract: Diaminothiazole compounds that modulate and/or inhibit the activity of certain protein kinases are described. These compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are capable of mediating tyrosine kinase signal transduction in order to modulate and/or inhibit unwanted cell proliferation. The invention is also directed to the therapeutic or prophylactic use of pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and to methods of treating cancer as well as other disease states associated with unwanted angiogenesis and/or cellular proliferation, such as diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, by administering effective amounts of such compounds.

Abstract: A novel 2-iminothiazole derivatives and the use as an insecticide and acaricide of the compounds of formula (1): wherein R1 is CN or fluoroalkyl (especially C1-C4 fluoroalkyl), R2 is H, halogen or CN, R3 is aryl, phenylalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl groups; being optionally substituted by one or more substituents, alkylthiocarbamoyl, or aroyl; being optionally substituted by one or more substituents, R4 is aryl; being optionally substituted by one or more substituents, X is O, SOn, n is 0, 1 or 2 or X is N(R5) wherein, R3 and R5 are, independently, H or alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkylamino, aryl groups; being optionally substituted by one or more substituents or arylamino, being optionally substituted by one or more substituents or R3 and R5 may additionally be fused to a heteroaromatic ring.

Abstract: A prostaglandin derivative represented by the formula: [wherein X is CH2, O or S(O)q1, Y is an ethylene group, a vinylene group, an ethynylene group, O(CH2)t1 or S(O)q2(CH2)t1, Z is an ethylene group, a vinylene group or an ethynylene group, R1 is a hydrogen atom, a C1-10 alkyl group or a C3-10 cycloalkyl group, R2 is a C1-10 alkyl group, a C2-10 alkenyl group, a C2-10 alkynyl group, a C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-5 alkyl-C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a C3-10 cycloalkyl-C1-5 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C1-5 alkyl group, a halogeno-C1-5 alkyl group, a C1-5 alkoxy-C1-5 alkyl group, a C2-4 alkoxycarbonyl-C1-5 alkyl group, a carboxyl-C1-5 alkyl group, a cyano-C1-5 alkyl group, a C1-5 alkyl group substituted with a group represented by the formula: —NR7R8, an acyl group, a group represented by the formula: —(CH2)t2CH(NH2)COOR9, etc., and R3 is a hydrogen atom, a C1-10 alkyl group, etc.], a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 4-acylamino-2-hydroxy-5-substituted-acylanilide compound having the structural formula I: wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group, Y is a group linked to the rest of the compound by a —O—, —S—, or —N— atom; and R′ is a substituent group. Also disclosed is a method of using the compound in making a cyan dye-forming photographic coupler.