Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer structure between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the dielectric layer structure including a first surface facing the lower electrode and a second surface facing the upper electrode. The dielectric layer structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material and a plurality of grains extending from the first surface to the second surface and a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material and surrounding a portion of a sidewall of each of the plurality of grains of the first dielectric layer in a level lower than the second surface. The second dielectric material includes a material having bandgap energy which is higher than bandgap energy of the first dielectric material.

Abstract: Provided are method and system of providing a social network service (SNS) in which life cycle concepts of creatures are a motif. Particularly, user's personal connection information and relationships between users are separately expressed as a structure of a creature made in a graphic, and a non-disclosure information portion for private use and a disclosure information portion for public use are clearly divided.

Abstract: Provided are method and system of providing a social network service (SNS) in which life cycle concepts of creatures are a motif. Particularly, user's personal connection information and relationships between users are separately expressed as a structure of a creature made in a graphic, and a non-disclosure information portion for private use and a disclosure information portion for public use are clearly divided.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for recognizing positive/negative intention using a fine change of gamma wave of a brainwave comprising the steps of detecting the brainwave from a head of a user, receiving and amplifying the brainwave detected from the step of detecting the brainwave, converting the amplified analog brainwave to one of a digital type, and recognizing the positive/negative intention of the user by detecting the fine change of the gamma wave of the brainwave in the digital type, which is transmitted from the A/D converting portion, whereby it is possible to implement an application of a real time interface and minimizes inconvenience for the user, and it requires no separate user practice.

Abstract: An electroencephalogram measuring apparatus and method. The electroencephalogram measuring method includes detecting electroencephalogram data of an experimentee, amplifying the detected electroencephalogram data, and converting the data into a digital signal. Also, provided is a high-speed Fourier transforming the converted digital electroencephalogram data, calculating an output value for each frequency of the Fourier transformed electroencephalogram, calculating an output value for each frequency of the electroencephalogram for a predetermined time interval and calculating a relative output value for the ground state of the experimentee. Further provided is comparing the calculated relative output value for each frequency for each predetermined time interval for the ground state of the experimentee, with a predetermined value.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for controlling vehicle brake using the brain waves. A driver controls the brake using the characteristic of the brain waves appearing before the driver's movement in the course of stepping on the brake pedal for braking in a dangerous condition. Therefore, the brake can be operated faster, and a condition where the brake is operated in an unwanted situation is prevented to prevent a traffic accident in advance. Further, the present invention does not require a driver's specific intentional behavior or psychological action except for natural behavior for braking (behavior to step on the brake pedal). Accordingly, the present invention makes a user convenient and is suitable for an ordinary person.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for controlling vehicle brake using the brain waves. A driver controls the brake using the characteristic of the brain waves appearing before the driver's movement in the course of stepping on the brake pedal for braking in a dangerous condition. Therefore, the brake can be operated faster, and a condition where the brake is operated in an unwanted situation is prevented to prevent a traffic accident in advance. Further, the present invention does not require a driver's specific intentional behavior or psychological action except for natural behavior for braking (behavior to step on the brake pedal). Accordingly, the present invention makes a user convenient and is suitable for an ordinary person.

Abstract: A method of making a judgment on emotional positivist or negativity of a person, comprises the steps of obtaining asymmetry ratio between the brain waves of the left and right cerebral hemisphere measured in a given unit time by means of electrodes attached to the left and right side of the scalp, calculating asymmetry ratio versus time at each frequency of the measured brain waves if the time taken for measuring the brain waves exceeds a given time interval, calculating an increase and a decrease of the asymmetry ratio of the previous step with time, and entering the increase and decrease into an artificial neural network to make a judgment on the emotional positivity or negativity.

Abstract: An electroencephalogram measuring apparatus which can remove an electroencephalogram in which noise waves are combined, by considering individual differences, and a method therefor are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling an electrical device using a bio-signal measured when a user moves his/her face, and method thereof. The apparatus according to the present invention comprises a bio-signal detection unit for detecting the bio-signal generated when the user firmly shuts his/her mouth and when the user moves his/her head; a bio-signal amplification unit for amplifying the amount of the bio-signal detected in the bio-signal detection unit; an A/D converter for converting the amplified bio-signal into the bio-signal of a digital mode; a control unit for analyzing the bio-signal of the digital mode to determine a corresponding command of the user and then generating a determined command of the user; and a transmission unit for transmitting the determined command to the electrical device via infrared rays.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a probabilistic switch using multiplicative noise, which can be used in a probabilistic computer is disclosed. The probabilistic switch, in which the probability varies with the initial condition and multiplicative noise intensity, is realized by applying the multiplicative noise whose intensity varies with the state of a nonlinear device to the nonlinear device. When the switch is applied to a probabilistic computer, a complicated problem can be solved rapidly in shorter time.

Abstract: The present invention to provide a method for determining positive and negative emotional states by using a relative power in a subband of a specific frequency band increases or decreases in the course of time. In order to realize the above object, the present invention determines positive and negative emotional states by using a relative power in a subband of a specific frequency band increases or decreases with the lapse of time. The present invention performs a Fourier transform for a unit time not an entire response time regarding a stimulus, and can be used in real time by using a time-frequency analysis method continuously executed with the lapse of time.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for amplifying voltage to which a test will be given in Josephon junction having external current, and more particularly, to a method for amplifying voltage in Josephon junction in which the voltage in a simple Josephon junction having an external current can be amplified by inserting an external colored noise into the external current.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for analyzing an electroencephalogram(EEG) using the correlation dimension by which the brain states can be discriminated. The method uses a time-delay determining method necessary for reconstructing vectors from the EEG time series, and a relative ratio of a correlation exponent.