Abstract: An apparatus for treating the brain comprises an implantable fluid exchange device coupled to a control unit to periodically alternate a delivery of a therapeutic agent with a removal of cerebrospinal fluid from a cranial subarachnoid space to prevent local inflammatory host-products from blocking a transmeningeal diffusion of the therapeutic agents into the cerebral cortex and thereby allow an effective treatment of cerebral cortical disorders by the delivery therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A method and system for treating brain disorders comprises detecting activity of a first target area of the brain via a first implanted sensor and determining the presence of target brain activity by analyzing the detected brain activity in combination with treating the user based upon the determined presence of target brain activity by supplying a first therapeutic agent to the first target area via a first implanted fluid delivery member including at least one distal opening adjacent to the first target area. In addition, the system may be used as well for testing the effectiveness of drugs.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the brain, comprises a first fluid delivery device including a distal end sized and shaped for placement at a first target site between a dura mater and a pia mater of the brain, the first fluid delivery device including a first fluid lumen extending to a first outlet port in the distal end to deliver fluids to a first target location and a first microelectrode mounted within the distal end of the first fluid delivery device for movement between an insertion position in which a first distal tip of the first microelectrode is received within the first fluid delivery device and a deployed position in which the first microelectrode extends out of the first fluid delivery device with the first distal tip thereof penetrating the pia mater to a first electrode target position in the cerebral cortex.

Abstract: A subarachnoid pharmacodialysis apparatus insertable under the scalp, in and under the cranium, with a relatively short and simple neurosurgical procedure, to be kept there safely implanted for a year or longer for the purpose of regulating the neurochemistry of one or more diseased cerebral cortical areas and thus to achieve therapeutic effects via both localized delivery of medication and drainage of local neurotoxic molecules across the subdural meninges and compartments in a feedback-controlled fashion, with or without the additional capability of performing localized neurochemistry regulation in subcortical areas. This apparatus is also used for neurochemical profiling of the diseased brain area or areas by analyzing the removed endogenous molecules and adjusting the composition of the delivered medication based on the patient's specific, abnormal neurochemistry within the treated area or areas.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the brain, comprises a first fluid delivery device including a distal end sized and shaped for placement at a first target site between a dura mater and a pia mater of the brain, the first fluid delivery device including a first fluid lumen extending to a first outlet port in the distal end to deliver fluids to a first target location and a first microelectrode mounted within the distal end of the first fluid delivery device for movement between an insertion position in which a first distal tip of the first microelectrode is received within the first fluid delivery device and a deployed position in which the first microelectrode extends out of the first fluid delivery device with the first distal tip thereof penetrating the pia mater to a first electrode target position in the cerebral cortex.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the brain comprises an implantable fluid exchange device coupled to a control unit to periodically alternate a delivery of a therapeutic agent with a removal of cerebrospinal fluid from a cranial subarachnoid space to prevent local inflammatory host-products from blocking a transmeningeal diffusion of the therapeutic agents into the cerebral cortex and thereby allow an effective treatment of cerebral cortical disorders by the delivery therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods in which very small volumes of biological fluid-borne material, particularly large molecules such as proteins, may be selectively extracted from or delivered to interstitial fluid (in vivo or in vitro) by means of intra-parenchymal micro-probes inserted in the brain. The primary use of the micro-probe is in neuroscience research, clinical diagnostics or treatment of epilepsy and other neurological conditions; it may also be applied to other organs and biological systems. Eventual human clinical applications may include neurosurgical monitoring, functional tracking of devices or materials introduced in a surgical procedure, or cerebro-spinal fluid sampling.

Abstract: A device comprises a head mounting arrangement sized and shaped to be worn on a user's head and a plurality of electrodes disposed on the arrangement so that, when the arrangement is worn on the user's head, the electrodes contact target portions of a scalp to detect electrical activity of a brain of the user in combination with an image capture device disposed on the arrangement so that, when the arrangement is worn on the user's head, a field of view of the image capture device includes a portion of an anatomy of the user and a processing unit generating EEG data from the electrical activity, wherein, when the EEG data is indicative of an epileptic event, the processing unit activates the image capture device to capture video data of the user and may store the EEG and/or the video data with transmission of warning signals to one or more remote displaying and/or computing arrangements.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating the brain, comprises a first fluid delivery device including a distal end sized and shaped for placement at a first target site between a dura mater and a pia mater of the brain, the first fluid delivery device including a first fluid lumen extending to a first outlet port in the distal end to deliver fluids to a first target location and a first microelectrode mounted within the distal end of the first fluid delivery device for movement between an insertion position in which a first distal tip of the first microelectrode is received within the first fluid delivery device and a deployed position in which the first microelectrode extends out of the first fluid delivery device with the first distal tip thereof penetrating the pia mater to a first electrode target position in the cerebral cortex.

Abstract: A device comprises a head mounting arrangement sized and shaped to be worn on a user's head and a plurality of electrodes disposed on the arrangement so that, when the arrangement is worn on the user's head, the electrodes contact target portions of a scalp to detect electrical activity of a brain of the user in combination with an image capture device disposed on the arrangement so that, when the arrangement is worn on the user's head, a field of view of the image capture device includes a portion of an anatomy of the user and a processing unit generating EEG data from the electrical activity, wherein, when the EEG data is indicative of an epileptic event, the processing unit activates the image capture device to capture video data of the user and may store the EEG and/or the video data with transmission of warning signals to one or more remote displaying and/or computing arrangements.

Abstract: A method and system for treating brain disorders comprises detecting activity of a first target area of the brain via a first implanted sensor and determining the presence of target brain activity by analyzing the detected brain activity in combination with treating the user based upon the determined presence of target brain activity by supplying a first therapeutic agent to the first target area via a first implanted fluid delivery member including at least one distal opening adjacent to the first target area. In addition, the system may be used as well for testing the effectiveness of drugs.

Abstract: A minivalve for delivering one of a control solution or a drug solution to a point of interest in a freely moving animal. The minivalve is portable by the freely moving animal, such as a mouse, rat, or primate, on its head without interfering with its behavior. The minivalve having an input for a control solution and an input for a drug solution and further having a common output for outputting either of the control solution or drug solution to an input of a microdialysis probe implanted at a point of interest in the animal. Also provided are systems for delivering one of a control solution or a drug solution to a point of interest in the animal. The system comprises the minivalve, a drug ejection device such as a microdialysis probe or injection cannula implanted at the point of interest in the small animal, and a microelectrode placed adjacent to the drug ejection device.

Abstract: A miniature apparatus for the treatment of brain disorders is provided which is a combination of electronic and pharmacological devices placed and powered entirely within the human body. The apparatus is based on the dual, electrical—molecular, nature of intercellular communication in the brain. The hybrid neuroprosthesis monitors the electrical activity of a dysfunctioning brain area, analyzes the incoming electrical signals, and delivers drug molecules into the dysfunctioning area to correct its function. The apparatus delivers drugs into the brain in such a way that the timing and duration of the drug deliveries are determined by the brain's own electrical activity.