Abstract: Pyridine derivatives useful for preventing or treating peptic ulcers, pharmaceutical preparations and methods of treating peptic ulcers are described.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus comprising a light source apparatus which is provided with an elliptic mirror 12, a light source 11 disposed at the first focal point, a cone-like material disposed at the second focal point, a condenser lens 13, display elements 15R-15B, a color separating and synthesizing optical system, second condenser lenses 16R-16B and a projection lens 19. The cone-like material is one selected from the group of a convex cone lens, a concave cone lens 2, a convex cone-like reflector and a concave cone-like reflector 20. In the projection type display element, light emitted from the light source is introduced into the cone-like material and is emitted as divergent light through the conical surface of the cone-like material.

Abstract: Pyridine derivatives useful for preventing or treating peptic ulcers, pharmaceutical preparations and methods of treating peptic ulcers are disclosed.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus has a light source optical system, a first filter (1), a first aperture (17), a condenser lens (13), a liquid crystal element (15) having a color filter for each pixel, a second aperture (18), a second filter (2), a projection optical system which form a schlieren optical system wherein first and second filters each composed of a spectral element for controlling each color of R, G and B are provided.

Abstract: A light source optical system for projection 1, dichroic mirrors 21, 22 disposed to have a predetermined included angle .beta., a reflection type liquid crystal optical element blocks 31-33 each including a closely contacted converging lens and having a reflection surface and a projection optical system 4 are provided, wherein the normal line of a dichroic mirror surface and the optical axis of incident light form an included angle .alpha.; the normal line of the reflection surface and the optical axis of incident light form an included angle .gamma.; light emitted from a light source is color-separated so as to become color lights; the color lights are rendered to be parallel light beams, and are modulated and reflected by means of the reflection type liquid crystal optical elements; the reflected light beams are color-synthesized; and the color-synthesized light is projected through a projection lens.

Abstract: A pyridine compound having the formula is disclosed and useful to treat the peptic ulcer. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which may be the same or different are each a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogenated lower alkyl group, or a halogen atom, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 which may be the same or different are each a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X is a group represented by the formula --S--, a group represented by the formula ##STR2## or a group represented by the formula ##STR3## and n is an integer of 1 to 6, provided that R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms when n is 1.

Abstract: A projection type display apparatus comprising a light source apparatus which is provided with an elliptic mirror 12, a light source 11 disposed at the first focal point, a cone-like material disposed at the second focal point, a condenser lens 13, display elements 15R-15B, a color separating and synthesizing optical system, second condenser lenses 16R-16B and a projection lens 19. The cone-like material is one selected from the group of a convex cone lens, a concave cone lens 2, a convex cone-like reflector and a concave cone-like reflector 20. In the projection type display element, light emitted from the light source is introduced into the cone-like material and is emitted as divergent light through the conical surface of the cone-like material.

Abstract: A light source optical system for projection 1, dichroic mirrors 21, 22 disposed to have a predetermined included angle .beta., a reflection type liquid crystal optical element blocks 31-33 each including a closely contacted converging lens and having a reflection surface and a projection optical system 4 are provided, wherein the normal line of a dichroic mirror surface and the optical axis of incident light form an included angle .alpha.; the normal line of the reflection surface and the optical axis of incident light form an included angle .gamma.; light emitted from a light source is color-separated so as to become color lights; the color lights are rendered to be parallel light beams, and are modulated and reflected by means of the reflection type liquid crystal optical elements; the reflected light beams are color-synthesized; and the color-synthesized light is projected through a projection lens.

Abstract: A surface-treated substrate consisting essentially of a substrate having at least two treated surface layers wherein the first layer constituting the outermost layer among the treated surface layers is a layer obtained by treatment with a compound (I) capable of forming a surface having a contact angle of at least 70.degree. against water and the second layer constituting an underlayer in contact with the outermost layer is a layer obtained by treatment with at least one reactive silane compound (II) selected from the group consisting of isocyanate silane compounds and hydrolyzable silane compounds.

Abstract: A surface-treated substrate consisting essentially of a substrate having at least two treated surface layers wherein the first layer constituting the outermost layer among the treated surface layers is a layer formed by treating with a treating agent containing a compound (I) capable of forming a surface having a contact angle of at least 70.degree. against water, and the second layer constituting an underlayer in contact with the outermost layer is a thin film layer of a heat resistant polymer formed by treating with a treating agent containing a compound (II) capable of forming a thin film of a heat resistant polymer and fine particles of a polymer, to form a thin film and heating the thin film to thermally decompose the fine particles of a polymer.

Abstract: A new benzodioxole derivative has a substituent in the phenyl ring which is a carboxyalkylthioalkyl or the like and is effective to treat a liver disease.

Abstract: A surface-treated substrate consisting essentially of a substrate having at least two treated surface layers wherein the first layer constituting the outermost layer among the treated surface layers is a layer obtained by treatment with a compound (I) capable of forming a surface having a contact angle of at least 70.degree. against water and the second layer constituting an underlayer in contact with the outermost layer is a layer obtained by treatment with at least one reactive silane compound (II) selected from the group consisting of isocyanate silane compounds and hydrolyzable silane compounds.

Abstract: A laser projection apparatus including a liquid crystal optical element of a transparent and scattering type having a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite. A laser beam having a wavelength of approximately 1 .mu.m emitted from a laser beam source is supplied to the liquid crystal optical element, and a projection optical system operates for reduction-projection a laser beam emitted from the liquid crystal optical element onto an object. Further, with respect to a certain pixel of the liquid crystal optical element, there are overlapped portions between lead lines of a common electrode and lead lines of a segment electrode in the vicinity of the pixel, a width W.sub.1 (.mu.m) of the overlapped portion, a reduction projection ratio (projection by 1/N) and a gap d(.mu.m) between electrodes of the liquid crystal optical element satisfy the relation, W.sub.1 +d<10.times.N. Further, the refractive index anisotropy .DELTA.n of the employed liquid crystal is 0.18 or higher, the viscosity .eta.

Abstract: A surface-treated substrate consisting essentially of a substrate having at least two treated surface layers wherein the first layer constituting the outermost layer among the treated surface layers is a layer obtained by treatment with a compound (I) capable of forming a surface having a contact angle of at least 70.degree. against water and the second layer constituting an underlayer in contact with the outermost layer is a layer obtained by treatment with at least one reactive silane compound (II) selected from the group consisting of isocyanate silane compounds and hydrolyzable silane compounds.

Abstract: A new benzodioxole derivative has a substituent in the phenyl ring which is a carboxyalkylthioalkyl or the like and is effective to treat a liver disease.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprises a liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite, in which liquid crystal is dispersed and held in a solidified matrix, which is interposed between a pair of substrates with electrodes at least one of which is transparent, wherein at least one of the substrates with electrodes has a fine concave-convex electrode surface at the side for the liquid crystal and solidified matrix composite.

Abstract: A pyridinium salt is useful as an antiulcer and is defined by the following formula. It includes a sulphenamide compound and a pyridinium compound. J is benzoimidazole, K is --S-- or --SSR, Z is hydroxy or oxyalkyl.

Abstract: A pyridinium salt useful as an antiulcer agent, defined by formula (I) is disclosed. It includes a sulphenamide compound and a pyridinium compound. J is benzimidazole, K is --S-- or --SSR-- and Z is hydroxy or alkoxy.

Abstract: A new benzodioxole derivative has a substituent in the phenyl ring which is a carboxyalkylthioalkyl or the like and is effective to treat a liver disease.

Abstract: A guanidinobenzoic ester derivative having the formula is novel and effective to inhibit enzymes such as trypsin, plasmin and thrombin, being useful for treatment of the pancreatitis and hemorrhagic disease and thrombosis. ##STR1## wherein X represents a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which Y is a group of the formula: --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, m being an integer of 2 or 3, ##STR3## or a group of the formula:--ORin which R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 5.