Abstract: The invention relates to nucleic acid molecules for pseudouridylation of a target uridine in a target RNA in a mammalian cell, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a guide region capable of forming a partially double stranded nucleic acid complex with the target RNA comprising the target uridine, wherein the partially double stranded nucleic acid complex is capable of engaging a mammalian pseudouridylation enzyme, wherein the guide region assists in positioning the target uridine in the partially double stranded nucleic acid complex for it to be converted to a pseudouridine by the mammalian pseudouridylation enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to nucleic acid molecules for pseudouridylation of a target uridine in a target RNA in a mammalian cell, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a guide region capable of forming a partially double stranded nucleic acid complex with the target RNA comprising the target uridine, wherein the partially double stranded nucleic acid complex is capable of engaging a mammalian pseudouridylation enzyme, wherein the guide region assists in positioning the target uridine in the partially double stranded nucleic acid complex for it to be converted to a pseudouridine by the mammalian pseudouridylation enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to nucleic acid molecules for pseudouridylation of a target uridine in a target RNA in a mammalian cell, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises a guide region capable of forming a partially double stranded nucleic acid complex with the target RNA comprising the target uridine, wherein the partially double stranded nucleic acid complex is capable of engaging a mammalian pseudouridylation enzyme, wherein the guide region assists in positioning the target uridine in the partially double stranded nucleic acid complex for it to be converted to a pseudouridine by the mammalian pseudouridylation enzyme.

Abstract: Processes and C/D box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) for altering telomerase activity and altering telomerase length are described. The processes of the invention involve the use of C/D box snoRNAs for targeted 2?-O-methylation modification of nucleotides in a pseudoknot region of the telomerase RNA. Depending on their position, the 2?-O-methylation modifications can cause an increase in telomerase activity and subsequent telomere lengthening or a decrease in telomerase activity and subsequent telomere shortening.

Abstract: Methods for affecting mRNA expression or translation through the modification of pre-mRNA or mRNA transcripts are described. In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, the branch point adenosine of a pre-mRNA transcript is 2?-0-methylated to block splicing and subsequent expression of the protein encoded by the transcript. In another embodiment, a uridine residue in a nonsense stop codon may be modified to pseudouridine, causing the translation machinery to read through the nonsense stop codon and translate a full length protein.

Abstract: Methods for affecting mRNA expression or translation through the modification of pre-mRNA or mRNA transcripts are described. In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, the branch point adenosine of a pre-mRNA transcript is 2?-0-methylated to block splicing and subsequent expression of the protein encoded by the transcript. In another embodiment, a uridine residue in a nonsense stop codon may be modified to pseudouridine, causing the translation machinery to read through the nonsense stop codon and translate a full length protein.

Abstract: Methods for affecting mRNA expression or translation through the modification of pre-mRNA or mRNA transcripts are described. In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, the branch point adenosine of a pre-mRNA transcript is 2?-O-methylated to block splicing and subsequent expression of the protein encoded by the transcript. In another embodiment, a uridine residue in a nonsense stop codon may be modified to pseudouridine, causing the translation machinery to read through the nonsense stop codon and translate a full length protein.

Abstract: Processes and C/D box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) for altering telomerase activity and altering telomerase length are described. The processes of the invention involve the use of C/D box snoRNAs for targeted 2?-O-methylation modification of nucleotides in a pseudoknot region of the telomerase RNA. Depending on their position, the 2?-O-methylation modifications can cause an increase in telomerase activity and subsequent telomere lengthening or a decrease in telomerase activity and subsequent telomere shortening.

Abstract: Methods for affecting mRNA expression or translation through the modification of pre-mRNA or mRNA transcripts are described. In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, the branch point adenosine of a pre-mRNA transcript is 2?-O-methylated to block splicing and subsequent expression of the protein encoded by the transcript. In another embodiment, a uridine residue in a nonsense stop codon may be modified to pseudouridine, causing the translation machinery to read through the nonsense stop codon and translate a full length protein.