Abstract: A semi-finished product having a hollow and an expansion diameter portion is manufactured in advance (first step), and a press device for folding an outer cylinder (4) and an inner cylinder (5) around an entire die set (DS) is used, thereby performing drawing with a body of the semi-finished product as the center in a constant temperature atmosphere at any temperature between a room temperature and 870° C. (second step).

Abstract: A steam valve is provided including a chest, a lock, a spindle, and a strainer. Each of these components is made of specific Ni alloys combinations that enable the valve to operate at temperatures above 650° C. with a good service life.

Abstract: A valve housing comprising an outer pipe section which is formed from a prefabricated pipe and has a connector for a valve actuator, and comprising an inner pipe section with a valve seat which represents a fluidic connection between the outer and inner pipe sections, is provided with a cut-out in the peripheral wall of the outer pipe section. At least a portion of the inner pipe section including the valve seat protrudes into the outer pipe section from outside the outer pipe section, the valve housing being fluid-tight in the region of the cut-out.

Abstract: A pumping system comprising a pump comprising a door for access within a housing of the pump, a pump segment configured for conveying fluid based on compression of the pump segment, a pump segment frame for preventing said pump segment from stretching, a visual placement indicator configured for facilitating in a proper placement of the pump segment frame in the housing, and a non-pinching valve configured to be disposed in the housing and to control a flow of the fluid without requiring pinching of a tube.

Abstract: A structure of a solenoid valve attached to a resin cover by insert-molding, the solenoid valve includes a valve body having a cylindrical shape and at least two fluid passages, a spool housed in the valve body and slidable therein in an axial direction relative to the valve body, a solenoid for actuating the spool, wherein a plurality of flanges is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the valve body, and at least one of the flanges has a through hole formed in the axial direction relative to the valve body.

Abstract: A rotating gate valve can be used to shear cables or tubing as it closes to obstruct flow. In embodiments, a valve body can have a flow passage and a lateral bore that is transverse to the flow passage. The gate can have a generally cylindrical shape and can rotate about the axis of the gate as it moves laterally to close a flow passage. The lateral and rotational movement can shear articles such as, for example, cables and tubing that extend through the flow passage.

Abstract: A valve device has a movement element, which is cylindrical at least in sections, and a guide element, which has a guide recess for guiding the movement element and is pressed into a valve housing. The guide element comprises a radially inner ring-like section and a radially outer ring-like section. The guide recess is arranged in the inner ring-like section. On its outer circumference, the outer ring-like section has a number of contact sections which are arranged distributed uniformly over the circumference and by means of which the outer ring-like section is pressed into the valve housing. The inner ring-like section is connected to the outer ring-like section via an identical number of connecting sections, which are arranged distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction, wherein, as viewed in the circumferential direction, the connecting sections are offset radially by an angle of 180 DEG/N in relation to the contact sections.

Abstract: Forming of a valve head portion (1) of a hollow engine valve (V) comprising a material particularly satisfactory in heat resistance is performed by cold forging. On this occasion, the material with excellent heat resistance is worked to form a valve head portion semifinished product (11) having a hollow hole (S11) whose inner diameter (?11) is equal to the maximum inner diameter (?11) of a hollow hole (S1) of a finished product of the valve head portion (1), and having a diameter-increased section (111) whose maximum outer diameter (?12) is equal to the maximum outer diameter (?12) of a diameter-increased section (1a) of the finished product. Parts of the valve head portion semifinished product other than a central part to a lower part of the diameter-increased section (111) are necked down by cold forging performed a plurality of times to obtain the finished product of the valve head portion (1). This method of obtaining the finished product is provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A flow rate control valve, wherein the flow rate control valve is provided with a first circular tube section having first and second ports formed on a body forming the flow rate control valve, and also with a plate section mounted to the upper part of the first circular tube section through a mounting section. The plate section is provided to only one end side of the first circular tube section, is supported on the mounting section in a cantilever manner, and is formed flat.

Abstract: Inline valve assembly having a body with an axial bore and guide slots extending in a direction perpendicular to the bore, a flexible tubular liner having an axially extending flow passageway with a generally cylindrical side wall disposed in and supported by the bore, throttling pins mounted in the guide slots in engagement with the side wall on opposite sides of the liner, and cam members rotatively mounted on the valve body for urging the pins together against the side wall to restrict flow through the passageway.

Abstract: A method of assembling an electromagnetic gas valve having a first body, a second body, a unit comprising a valve disc and stem assembly coupled to a moveable insulating structure having a projecting member, an electromagnet assembly comprising a magnet fixed within the second body and a coil wound on a moving part with a cavity adapted to receive the projecting member, the first body having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a through hole disposed between the gas inlet and outlet. In one implementation the insulating structure is coupled to the electromagnetic assembly by introducing a fluid under pressure into the gas outlet or gas inlet to act upon the unit to cause the projecting member to move in a direction towards the inside of the second body and into the cavity of the moving part of the electromagnet assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve (10, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, 210), comprising a first valve element (12, 42, 62, 82, 102, 122, 152, 212) and a second valve element (14, 44, 64, 84, 104, 124, 154, 214), wherein the first valve element comprises a first carrier part (13, 43, 63, 83, 103, 123, 153, 213) which is made of plastic material and a first surface element (16, 46, 66, 86, 106, 126, 158) which is made of silicon or silicon oxide and is fastened to the first carrier part, and the second valve element comprises a second carrier part (15, 45, 65, 85, 105, 125, 155, 215) made of plastic material and a second surface element (18, 47, 67, 87, 107, 127, 159, 218) which is made of silicon or silicon oxide and is fastened to the second carrier part.

Abstract: A drop-in cartridge style, four-chamber EGR valve, includes a valve actuator, a valve stem extending from the valve actuator and having two valve heads mutually spaced on the stem, and a frame having a plurality of longitudinally extending members connected by at least first and second ring members, the frame being divided along a longitudinal axis into two mating parts.

Abstract: A surface hardening material being excellent in abrasion resistance and having impact resistance is provided. Provided are: a wear-resistant cobalt-based alloy containing 20.0 to 30.0 mass % of a sum of Mo and/or W, 0.8 to 2.2 mass % of B, 5.0 to 18.0 mass % of Cr, 5.0 mass % or less of a sum of Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Si and C, 1.0 mass % or less of Si, and 0.3 mass % or less of C, and the remainder comprising 55.0 to 70.0 mass % of Co and unavoidable impurities; and an engine valve coated with the same.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a valve body having a body recess and a bonnet including a bonnet recess having a bonnet mating surface. The valve assembly further includes a valve cage disposed within an interior of the valve body, the valve cage including a body portion extending along a longitudinal axis and a circumferential mating protrusion extending from an outer surface in a transverse direction, the mating protrusion including an upper mating surface and a lower mating surface. The upper mating surface is disposed within the bonnet recess to be aligned with the bonnet mating surface, and the lower mating surface is disposed within the body recess to be aligned with the body mating surface, wherein the upper and lower mating surface are not parallel. Accordingly, clamping forces acting on the mating protrusion include a longitudinal and tangential component, allowing for increased clamping forces without plastically deforming the mating protrusion.

Abstract: The present invention regards a valve assembly (100) for injecting fluid, preferably a liquid, into a tubing, comprising a first and a second valve sections arranged in series within at least one outer housing (10, 11), the first valve section comprises an internal bore (13) in the housing (10) and a first sealing surface (14) and a first valve element (20) arranged movable within the bore (13) with an sealing surface (25) interacting with the first sealing surface (14) of the at least one housing (10, 11) to form a metal-metal seal, and pretension means (33) keeping the first valve section in a closed position against a hydrostatic pressure independent of tubing pressure, the second valve section arranged downstream of the first valve section and comprises an internal bore (16) in the housing (11) and a second sealing surface (17) and a second valve element (26) arranged movable within the bore (16) with a sealing surface (31) interacting with the second sealing surface (17) of the at least one housing (10,

Abstract: A drain valve base includes an upper connection seat and a lower connection seat which are integrally formed. The upper connection seat is connected with the lower connection seat by connection arms which are provided at intervals, and hollow portions are provided between every two connection arms. A through drain outlet is formed in the center portion of the lower connection seat, and an annular surface is formed on the top of the lower connection seat. A water-seal convex ring is formed on a side part of the annular surface which is adjacent to the inwall of the drain outlet. A water-seal surface is formed on the top of the water-seal convex ring, and blocking devices which can stop water flow are provided on the inner side and the outer side of the water-seal convex ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal mold for manufacturing a straight wax body for a valve and to the straight metal body thus obtained, said metal mold succeeding in eliminating the traditional concave shape of the ball-type valve body, inside which, and during fluid flow distribution, the flow from the fluid inlet cavity to the fluid distribution cavity causes a flow loss in the direction of the fluid flow outlet via the fluid outlet cavity, thus creating a steep drop in pressure, meaning that by eliminating the concave part of the ball-type valve body and making the fluid inlet, distribution and outlet cavities straight and much wider, a straight valve body is obtained, thus preventing the steep drop in pressure and flow loss.

Abstract: A control valve for a cam shaft adjuster, including a valve housing and a control piston, which is designed as an injection-molded product and is axially displaceably mounted within the valve housing and which has a substantially tubular main body, wherein the control piston, on an end face, has an actuating surface for a control component. To this end, the control piston includes, at an end thereof, an axially extending molded-on component which includes a gate point on one of the lateral faces thereof. Such a design of a control valve allows the control piston to be securely guided within the valve housing at low manufacturing cost of the control piston.

Abstract: A directional exhaust valve for controlling a flow of exhaust gas includes a housing having an inlet port and at least two outlet ports. Arranged movably within the housing is a control element which has a passageway to connect the inlet port with at least one of the outlet ports while closing at least in part the other one of the outlet ports. The control element is configured in the form of a hollow cylinder which is closed on one end and has an outer surface area formed with an opening, with the passageway extending between an open end face of the control element and the opening.

Abstract: A blow valve of a blow-molding machine for containers, having a valve seat which is arranged in a valve chamber between an inflow channel mouth and an outflow channel mouth and has assigned thereto a valve piston which is shiftable linearly between a shut-off position and a lifted open position and which with a piston extension carrying a closing surface passes sealingly shiftably through a bore of a wall defining the valve chamber, wherein a flow path which extends through the valve chamber between the mouths is shut off in the shut-off position and released in the open position, at least one guide surface which is generally inclined relative to the shifting direction of the valve piston is provided for the lateral forced deflection of the flow on the wall and/or on the piston extension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic transmission valve with a magnetizable housing which is integrally configured in one piece with a pole core cone. The transmission valve according to the invention facilitates comfortably coupling in particular startup clutches, shifting clutches or synchronization clutches in a friction locking manner. Still using a transmission valve of this type is facilitated for fewer to no transmission oil changes. Furthermore a transmission valve of this type can also be used in countries with inferior transmission oil quality. The housing includes a connection. The connection defines an anchor stroke and a concentric arrangement between the pole core cone and a pole tube. Thus, the pole tube is fixated the magnetizable pole flange. An anchor that is exclusively supported in the pole tube is magnetically separated from the pole tube through a separation layer with a thickness of 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm.

Abstract: Inexpensive stainless steel and inexpensive and high strength stainless steel which has excellent hydrogen environment embrittlement resistance even if used in a hydrogen resistant environment in over 40 MPa high pressure hydrogen gas or a hydrogen resistant environment in liquid hydrogen, characterized by containing, by mass %, C: 0.1% or less, Si: 0.4 to 1.5%, Mn: 8 to 11%, Cr: 15 to 17%, Ni: 5 to 8%, Cu: 1 to 4%, and N: 0.01 to less than 0.15% and having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, having a volume rate of ?-ferrite of 10% or less, and having a long axis of ?-ferrite before annealing of 0.04 to 0.1 mm.

Abstract: A valve includes a stem seal assembly that prevent fluid flow in a first direction and vents in a second direction opposite the first direction. The assembly includes a packing assembly positioned within a valve stem opening of a valve body of the valve to seal a valve stem to the valve body. The packing assembly includes a first seal and a second seal preventing passage of fluid from a body cavity of the valve body to an exterior of the valve body along the valve stem while venting fluid from an exterior of the valve body to the body cavity along the valve stem. The packing assembly isolates the first seal and the second seal so that a load applied to the first seal ring is not transferred to the second seal ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a valve for a machine for blowing containers, comprising a hollow valve body with an axis, a lid, at least two sleeves moving along said axis in said chamber, at least one inlet and one outlet, and control means designed to move said sleeves in said chamber. The sleeves are mounted one inside the other and they form a channel for the passage of a blowing gas. Each sleeve containing another sleeve has at least one radial passage for passage of the blowing gas when it is aligned with said inlet.

Abstract: A plumbing fixture includes a plumbing fixture body having a composition of, by weight percentage, 58-63 of copper, 0.8-1.5 of bismuth, 0.05-0.15 of phosphorous, and a remainder of zinc and any impurities. The plumbing fixture body includes a first opening and a second opening that are arranged to communicate a fluid there through. The first opening defines a first inner diameter D1 and the second opening defines a second inner diameter D2 such that a ratio of D1/D2 is 1.05-2.3.

Abstract: Forming a wear- and corrosion-resistant coating on an industrial component such as a chemical processing or nuclear power valve component by applying a cobalt-based dilution buffer layer to an iron-based substrate by slurry coating, and then applying by welding a cobalt-based build-up layer over the cobalt-based dilution buffer layer. An industrial component having a dilution buffer layer and a welding build-up layer thereover.

Abstract: Apparatuses for restricting fluid flow through a well conduit comprise a tubular member having a seat member disposed within the tubular member for receiving a plug element. One or both of the seat member or the plug element comprise at least one shape-memory material to facilitate the plug element being able to land on the seat and/or to facilitate the plug element to pass through a seat member or other restriction in the tubular member either before or after landing on a seat.

Abstract: A valve system (1, 100) for a vessel has a valve body (2, 101), and a valve stem (26) extending through the valve body (2, 101) and terminating in a plug (20, 102) for axial movement between open and closed position as the stem moves through the valve body. There is at least one probe passageway (12, 13, 108) through the valve stem (26, 121), at least one of which has a circumferential seal (9-11, 105-106) for engaging a probe inserted in the passageway and being exposed in a vessel The circumferential seal (9-11, 105-106) seals the inside of a vessel from atmosphere while allowing a probe to be inserted and removed by moving axially in the passageway. This avoids need to remove the valve system to insert or remove a probe, and indeed a single expensive probe can be used at different times with different valve systems. When there is no exposed probe required, the seal may be completed by simply inserting a dummy probe in the passageway.

Abstract: Apparatuses for restricting fluid flow through a well conduit comprise a tubular member, a seat, a plug element, and a seal interface element comprising a seal interface material. The seal interface material resists or retards corrosion by a corroding fluid of the portion of the sealing interface between the plug element and the seat. The seal interface material may be acid-resistant, hydrogen sulfide resistant, and/or the like depending on the type of corroding fluid that is present in the tubular member.

Abstract: A valve unit configured for a charged particle beam device having a beam path 2 is described. The valve unit includes a vacuum sealed valve housing 102 configured for a pressure difference between the inside of the valve housing and the outside of the valve housing, wherein the housing provides a beam path portion 103 for having a charged particle beam pass therethrough along the beam path, a valve positioning unit adapted for selectively providing a first movement of the valve housing such that the beam path portion is selectively moved into and out of the beam path, and at least one sealing element 122 configured for a second movement, wherein the second movement is different from the first movement.

Abstract: A prosthetic limb socket assembly includes a bleeder valve configured to automatically adjust vacuum pressure within the prosthetic limb socket based upon a difference in ambient air pressure and vacuum pressure within the prosthetic limb socket. The bleeder valve includes: a housing having a first end, a second end, and channel extending therethrough providing fluid communication between the ambient and the interior of the prosthetic limb socket; and a valve disc disposed within the channel and biased into a substantially sealed engagement with a valve seat, wherein a certain pressure difference between the ambient and the interior of the prosthetic limb socket is operative to overcome the bias and unseat the valve disc from the valve seat.

Abstract: A body for an actuated valve, the actuated valve comprising flow regulating means for regulating the flow of a fluid between an input bore and an output bore of a barrel, and actuating means for controlling a position of the flow regulating means, the body comprising: a barrel having at least the input bore and the output bore; an actuating volume inside of which at least part of the actuating means can be placed, wherein the barrel and the actuating volume are integrally formed in a single piece.

Abstract: A control valve comprising a plurality of interchangeable valve body modules, each module having a main valve cavity and a plurality of separate cross valve communication ports communicating; and at least one interchangeable gasket disposed between adjacent modules and configured to individually communicate the main valve cavity and the communication ports between adjacent valve body modules, wherein the gasket is further configured to selectively communicate between the main valve cavity and a selected one of the cross valve communication ports. In one embodiment, each valve body module further includes a passage communicating with the main valve cavity. In this case, the gasket may be configured to selectively communicate between the passage and the selected one of the cross valve communication ports, thereby selectively communicating between the main valve cavity and the selected one of the cross valve communication ports through the passage by selective orientation of the gasket.

Abstract: A T-shaped valve includes an improved fitting structure is disclosed. A T-shaped valve has a connecting pipe and a branch pipe carrying a control valve. The connecting pipe has an inlet end provided with the fitting structure that includes a receiving section of the connecting pipe defining a receiving portion at the inlet end; an adapter having fixed to the receiving portion and peripherally formed with a flange; and a nut internally formed with a peripheral stepped section for retaining the flange such that the adapter is allowed to rotate with respect to the nut. The T-shaped valve in virtue of the improved fitting structure can be properly installed without repeated adjustment and reinstallation. Furthermore, components of the T-shaped valve are made of alternative material instead of lead-containing metal, so the T-shaped valve ensures water quality.

Abstract: A method for repairing damaged valve stem assemblies includes enlarging a bore within a body of a valve stem to form an enlarged bore portion and creating a conical hole in an end of the valve stem body around the enlarged bore portion. Internal threads are created within the enlarged bore portion, and a valve stem repair extension is installed in the enlarged bore portion. The valve stem repair extension has a beveled surface that mates with the conical hole to form a hermetic seal between the valve stem body and the valve stem repair extension. The steps of enlarging the bore and creating the conical hole may both be performed using a countersinking drill bit having a beveled cutting portion.

Abstract: A pressure monitoring device in accordance with the present invention comprises a housing 1 within which are provided an air inlet 2 and an air outlet 3. Connecting the air inlet 2 and the air outlet 3 is an air passage way 4 which includes a pressure take off point 9. The air inlet 2 includes' a threaded bore section 2a into which is screwed a coupling device 7 for coupling with the air outlet of a compressed air supply. The air outlet 3 is also configured to receive a coupling device 8 for coupling with the air inlet of a paint spray gun. A digital pressure gauge 5 is housed in a top surface of the housing 1 as shown in the figures. The gauge samples air pressure at the pressure take off point 9 through conduit 9a. Screw threaded into a bore 11 in the housing is a needle valve 6 which can be adjusted by means of valve adjustment means 10a, 10b to move further towards or away from the pressure take off 9.

Abstract: Our valve device, which is used to purge air from a plumbing system, includes a unitary, elastomeric body comprising top wall, a circumferential wall connected to the top wall, and a housing with a cavity that is accessed through a pair of ports. A closure element is moveably disposed within the cavity and responds to fluid entering one port to close the other port. An adjustable strap detachably wrapped around an exterior of the circumferential wall holds our device securely to an open end of a riser conduit of the plumbing system during testing for leaks. The circumferential wall has at least two wall sections of different diameters to accommodate different sized conduits.

Abstract: A valve mechanism for a gaseous medium of an airbag is provided. The valve mechanism includes a first and second layer, which respectively include a passage opening that is substantially closed in a closed position of the valve mechanism by a corresponding cover region of the other respective layer. An adjusting element in the form of a tube with an adjustable volume provides a temporary passage position of the valve mechanism by lifting one of the cover regions of the corresponding layer from the corresponding passage opening.

Abstract: Fluid valves having dynamic valve trim joints are described. An example apparatus for use with a fluid valve includes a body configured to retain a cage of a fluid valve. Additionally, the example apparatus includes a plurality of projections projecting from and radially spaced about an exterior surface of the body. Each of the plurality of projections is to provide one or more contact points between the body and an inner surface of a bonnet coupled to the fluid valve.

Abstract: In a four-way valve having a simple structure, even if a high-temperature refrigerant and a low-temperature refrigerant flow close to each other, heat loss between both refrigerants is suppressed. The valve comprises a housing member including a valve chamber, a valve seat including a bearing surface portion located in the valve chamber, a first channel through which a high-temperature fluid flows and a second channel through which a low-temperature fluid flows at a predetermined time, including openings adjacent to each other at a bearing surface portion of the valve seat, passing through the valve seat and extending outside of the valve chamber, and a valve element moving to the bearing surface portion of the valve seat. A thermal resistor portion suppressing heat transfer between these channels is located near the openings, between the first and second channels.

Abstract: A solenoid controlled valve includes a housing engaged into a receptacle and having a tubular member and having an outer peripheral space for receiving a coil, and having a peripheral compartment for receiving two magnetic conductive members, a solenoid controlled device includes two prongs connected to the coil, the housing includes an inlet mouth, and an outlet mouth communicative with the tubular member, and includes a valve seat formed between the outer end portion of the tubular member and the outlet mouth, and one or more reinforcing ribs for reinforcing the tubular member to resist a greater pressure, and the solenoid controlled device includes a plunger for engaging with the valve seat of the housing.

Abstract: A valving system includes, a tubular having a seat, and a body with a bore therethrough having a surface sealably engagable with the seat, the body being rotatable relative to the tubular between at least a first position, a second position and a third position, the first position occluding flow between an inside of the tubular and the bore the second position providing fluidic communication between the inside of the tubular and the bore via at least one cavity formed in the surface and a third position providing direct fluidic communication between the inside of the tubular and the bore

Abstract: Provided is a fluid control valve assembly which reduces pressure loss as much as possible in a fluid passage line including a fluid control valve, thereby mini-minimizing the pressure for a fluid to pass therethrough and thus ensuring a required amount of flow without upsizing the overall assembly. The fluid control valve assembly is adapted such that an upstream pipe (17) forming an upstream fluid passageway and tilted at a predetermined angle relative to a valve axis (L) is provided to face an upstream chamber (11). The upstream chamber is formed upstream of a valve portion (12) which has a valve seat (13) and a valve body (14) in a valve housing (10) and which can open and close the fluid passageway. The wall surface of the upstream chamber is integrated with a swelling (20), which is projected in the chamber to thereby rectify and guide the fluid flowing therein through the upstream pipe so that the fluid smoothly flows to the valve portion.

Abstract: Flapper valve assemblies are provided. One flapper valve assembly includes a flowbody, a flapper valve element, and an elongated stiffening rib formed in the flowbody. The flowbody includes a generally flat plate portion, and an arcuate portion adjacent the generally flat plate portion. The flapper valve element is hingedly coupled to the flowbody proximate the generally flat plate portion. The elongated stiffening rib extends from the generally flat plate portion to the arcuate portion to distribute mechanical stress and to reduce deflection of the flowbody during pressure loading.

Abstract: Valve and method for using it to insert a gas and punch orifices in plastic in moulds used for making hollow footwear soles. The valve is linearly actuated, includes a helical spring and a stop such that the valve body head seals against a seat in the valve casing. Its configuration is thus simple, inexpensive and reliable, while the method is efficient as it is performed during the processing cycle of the plastic.

Abstract: A gas valve having a gas enclosure with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a passage opening situated between the gas inlet and the gas outlet. A valve seat of the valve cooperates with the passage opening to regulate the flow of gas through the valve. An electrical actuator assembly is operatively coupled with the valve seat to regulate the flow of gas through the valve. In one implementation the gas enclosure is at least in part sealed by an elastic sealing member that is pressed upon by a printed circuit board that electrically connects the actuator assembly to an exterior of the gas valve.

Abstract: A valve with a dual rotational valve member is provided. The valve includes a first valve member and a second valve member. An actuation arrangement is operably positioned between the first valve member and the second valve member to rotate the first valve member in a first direction and the second valve member in a second direction opposite the first direction. This counter-rotation of the first and second valve members selectively aligns or misaligns a pair of flow ports of the first valve member with a pair of flow ports of the second valve member. When the pairs of flow ports are aligned, the flow path of the valve allows for straight through flow of a fluid through the valve thereby decreasing turbulence, back pressure, and noise.

Abstract: Thermally compensated valve trim apparatus are disclosed. An example valve trim apparatus includes a valve plug having a recess, an insert fixed in the recess and having an opening therein. The insert is made of a material having a greater strength than a second material of the valve plug. The example valve trim apparatus also includes a valve stem having a threaded end disposed in the opening of the insert to form a valve stem connection, and a spacer operatively coupled to the valve plug and vale stem to affect a load exerted on the valve stem connection in response to a change in temperature.

Abstract: Conventionally, in hot forging of a valve umbrella portion of a hollow engine valve, poor finish accuracy has been provided, and in cold forging thereof, materials which can be used have been restricted. In addition, in the cold forging and the known hot forging, the number of steps for drawing is increased, which requires a large number of steps for intermediate heating processes such as annealing, with the result that the poor workability has been obtained. In view of this, a semi-finished product having a hollow and an expansion diameter portion is manufactured in advance (first step), and a press device for folding an outer cylinder (4) and an inner cylinder (5) around an entire die set (DS) is used, thereby performing drawing with a body of the semi-finished product as the center in a constant temperature atmosphere at any temperature between a room temperature and 870° C. (second step).