Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is provided and, more specifically, a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode catalyst including a transition metal composite having a stable structure in which four nitrogens are bonded to the transition metal as a cathode catalyst for a reduction reaction of sulfur generated during operation of the lithium secondary battery having a sulfur-containing material included in a cathode thereof, thereby improving performance and longevity of the battery.

Abstract: Techniques for imaging a characteristic of a sample with a plurality of conjugates of diamond-metallic nanoparticles having a nitrogen vacancy center. The plurality of conjugates can be exposed to a sample and the nitrogen vacancy centers can be optically pumped. One or more microwave pulses can be applied to the nitrogen vacancy center, and a fluorescent response can be detected.

Abstract: A hydrogen-free amorphous dielectric insulating film having a high material density and a low density of tunneling states is provided. The film is prepared by e-beam deposition of a dielectric material on a substrate having a high substrate temperature Tsub under high vacuum and at a low deposition rate. In an exemplary embodiment, the film is amorphous silicon having a density greater than about 2.18 g/cm3 and a hydrogen content of less than about 0.1%, prepared by e-beam deposition at a rate of about 0.1 nm/sec on a substrate having Tsub=400° C. under a vacuum pressure of 1×10?8 Torr.

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods of altering the color of diamonds are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for altering the color of diamonds includes identifying and selecting a diamond having a suitable nitrogen content, HPHT processing the selected diamond under diamond-stable conditions to alter the color of the selected diamond from a first color to a second color, irradiating the HPHT-processed diamond with an electron source having an energy between about 1 MeV and about 20 MeV so as to alter the color of the selected diamond from the second color to a third color, and annealing the irradiated diamond either under partial vacuum conditions, or under HPHT diamond-stable conditions so as to alter the color from the third color to a fourth color (e.g., pink, red, or purple, depending on the nitrogen content of the selected diamond).

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: Method to produce diamonds containing Nitrogen-Vacancy centers from diamonds grown by a high pressure and high temperature process and containing isolated substitutional nitrogen, comprising: —Irradiating (12) said diamonds by an electron beam such that the irradiation dose is comprised between 1017 and 1019 electrons per square centimeter; —annealing (14) the irradiated diamonds in vacuum or in a inert atmosphere at a temperature above 700° C. and for at least 1 hour; characterized in that said electron beam has an acceleration energy above 7 MeV.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a production method of a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy that has sufficiently high redox activity or has a large number of reaction electrons of redox reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an appliance for chip removal applications comprising a vibration-damping material wherein the vibration-damping material is a material arranged by nano-dimensional cluster form. The present invention additionally provides a method for manufacturing said appliance. The present invention provides also an appliance obtainable by said method. Additionally the present invention provides an article or work piece for use in an appliance for chip removal applications. Also a computer program is provided for controlling the above method.

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of use thereof for the production of carbon-based and other nanostructures, as well as fuels and reformed products, are provided.

Abstract: C3N4 of the present invention has a Mn3O4 type crystal structure to thereby have a bulk modulus higher than that of diamond.

Abstract: Provided are methods of converting carbon dioxide to carbon nitrides. In a first reaction, carbon dioxide may be reacted with metal nitrides, such as Li3N, to form carbon nitrides in a fast and exothermic reaction. Also provided are methods of using product metal cyanamides from the first reaction to subsequently generate additional carbon nitrides.

Abstract: Method to produce diamonds containing Nitrogen-Vacancy centers from diamonds grown by a high pressure and high temperature process and containing isolated substitutional nitrogen, comprising: —Irradiating (12) said diamonds by an electron beam such that the irradiation dose is comprised between 1017 and 1019 electrons per square centimeter; —annealing (14) the irradiated diamonds in vacuum or in a inert atmosphere at a temperature above 700° C. and for at least 1 hour; characterized in that said electron beam has an acceleration energy above 7 MeV.

Abstract: Process for removing hydrogen cyanide from ethanedinitrile by contacting hydrogen cyanide-containing ethanedinitrile with an organic reagent under formation of a covalent bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen-free carbon nitrides, in particular carbon nitrides of the stoichiometry C3N4. The carbon nitrides are synthesized using hydrogen-free reactants, namely inorganic isocyanates that release only CO2 when thermally treated. In particular, a way of cheaply and efficiently providing carbonitrides, advantageously in the form of powders or coatings, is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethanedinitrile, by reading hydrocyanic acid in the liquid phase with nitric acid in the presence of a cupric ion catalyst.

Abstract: An amorphous carbon film, which has excellent etching resistance and is capable of reducing reflectance when a resist film is exposed to light, is form. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming an object film to be etched on a wafer, supplying a process gas containing a CO gas and an N2 gas into a processing container, forming an amorphous carbon nitride film from the supplied CO gas and N2 gas, forming a silicon oxide film on the amorphous carbon nitride film, forming an ArF resist film on the silicon oxide film, patterning the ArF resist film, etching the silicon oxide film by using the ArF resist film as a mask, etching the amorphous carbon nitride film by using the silicon oxide film as a mask, and etching the object film to be etched by using the amorphous carbon nitride film as a mask.

Abstract: An advanced method for processing a solid feedstock such as coal and a liquid feedstock such as bitumen wherein gases produced from such fossil fuel feedstocks are divided in a way as to polygenerate various by-products which includes the conversion of a waste gas (flue gas) containing nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the combustion of said gases to produce an intermediate made of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N2) in the form of cyanogen which in turn is converted to a fertilizer such as oxamide. This approach obviates the necessity of CO2 capture and storage in a geologic formation. Besides the making of a fertilizer from a waste gas containing N2 and CO2, the other by-products can be power in the form of electricity and/or steam from a lean gas and liquid transportation fuel like methanol/gasoline, or chemicals from a hydrogen rich gas. The method is applicable to utility as well as to industry.

Abstract: Process for removing hydrogen cyanide from ethanedinitrile by contacting hydrogen cyanide-containing ethanedinitrile with an organic reagent under formation of a covalent bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethanedinitrile, by reading hydrocyanic acid in the liquid phase with nitric acid in the presence of a cupric ion catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are methods of converting carbon dioxide to carbon nitrides. In a first reaction, carbon dioxide may be reacted with metal nitrides, such as Li3N, to form carbon nitrides in a fast and exothermic reaction. Also provided are methods of using product metal cyanamides from the first reaction to subsequently generate additional carbon nitrides.

Abstract: Starting from a diamond material which shows a difference in its absorption characteristics after exposure to radiation with an energy of at least 5.5 eV (typically UV radiation) and thermal treatment at 798K, controlled irradiation is applied so as to introduce defects in the diamond material. After the controlled irradiation the difference in the absorption characteristics after exposure to radiation with an energy of at least 5.5 eV and thermal treatment at 798K is reduced.

Abstract: A method of introducing NV centres in single crystal CVD diamond material is described. One step of the method comprises irradiating diamond material that contains single substitutional nitrogen to introduce isolated vacancies into the diamond material in a concentration of at least 0.05 ppm and at most 1 ppm. Another step of the method comprises annealing the irradiated diamond to form NV centres from at least some of the single substitutional nitrogen defects and the introduced isolated vacancies.

Abstract: The present invention is made to provide a carbon catalyst capable of preventing the coarsening of particles of nanoshell structure of carbon which causes reduction in activity for oxygen reduction reaction. The carbon catalyst is produced by the steps of: preparing a carbon precursor polymer; mixing a transition metal or a compound of the transition metal into the carbon precursor polymer; spinning the mixture of the carbon precursor polymer and the transition metal or the compound of the transition metal into fibers; and carbonizing the fibers.

Abstract: The present application provides a C1-xNx nanotube with pores having nano-sized diameter ranging from 5 to 10 ?, where x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2, and a method for controlling the size and quantity of pores in said nanotube by reacting hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen gas, and oxygen gas or hydrogen gas together in the presence of metal catalyst and by controlling the concentration of nitrogen gas.

Abstract: Process for producing nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: An electron microscope comprising an electron emitting cathode equipped with a carbon nanotube and an extraction unit to field-emit electrons. The carbon nanotube contains a sharp portion which is approximately conical shape at tip thereof closed at the electron-emitting cathode. A method of manufacturing carbon nanotube having a sharp angle part at the tip thereof, comprising a step of placing and heat-treating a tip-sharpened carbon nanotube still at a lower temperature than a phase transition temperature and a step of placing and heat-treating a tip-sharpened carbon nanotube still at a higher temperature than a phase transition temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nitride material wherein organic rodanide is simply pyrolyzed to give carbon nitride material in an efficient, economical, and ecologically friendly manner. The present invention accomplishes preparation of graphitic carbon nitride materials having a carbon to nitrogen molar ratio of about 3:4. The employed starting materials are cheap and can be easily removed and/or washed away.

Abstract: Method to produce diamonds containing Nitrogen-Vacancy centres from diamonds grown by a high pressure and high temperature process and containing isolated substitutional nitrogen, comprising: —Irradiating (12) said diamonds by an electron beam such that the irradiation dose is comprised between 1017 and 1019 electrons per square centimeter; —annealing (14) the irradiated diamonds in vacuum or in a inert atmosphere at a temperature above 700° C. and for at least 1 hour; characterized in that said electron beam has an acceleration energy above 7 MeV.

Abstract: The method of improving the optical properties of single crystal CVD diamond which comprises annealing the crystals at a temperature of up to 2200° C. and a pressure below 300 torr.

Abstract: Methods for producing macroscopic quantities of oxidized graphene nanoribbons are disclosed herein. The methods include providing a plurality of carbon nanotubes and reacting the plurality of carbon nanotubes with at least one oxidant to form oxidized graphene nanoribbons. The at least one oxidant is operable to longitudinally open the carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one acid. In some embodiments, the reacting step takes place in the presence of at least one protective agent. Various embodiments of the present disclosure also include methods for producing reduced graphene nanoribbons by reacting oxidized graphene nanoribbons with at least one reducing agent. Oxidized graphene nanoribbons, reduced graphene nanoribbons and compositions and articles derived therefrom are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nitride (C1-xNx) nanotubes with nano-sized pores on their stems, their preparation method and control method of size and quantity of pores thereof. The present invention further has an object of providing the C1-xNx nanotube with pores having the size of not more than 1 nm over structure of the nanotube and a method for preparing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide the control method of the size and quantity of pores with size of not more than 1 nm in the preparation of the C1-xNx nanotube with the pores over structure of the nanotube. The present invention can produce the C1-xNx nanotube with nano-sized pores by reacting hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst particles, wherein x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nitride material wherein organic rodanide is simply pyrolysed to give carbon nitride material in an efficient, economical and ecologically friendly manner. The present invention accomplishes preparation of graphitic carbon nitride materials having a carbon to nitrogen molar ratio of about 3:4. The employed starting materials are cheap and can be easily removed and/or washed away.

Abstract: The high-nitrogen compound 3,6-di(azido)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DiAT) was synthesized by a relatively simple method and used as a precursor for the preparation of carbon nanospheres and nanopolygons, and nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing carbon nitride C3 N4 wherein alkali metal thiocyanate is simply pyrolysed to give carbon nitride C3N4 in an efficient, economical and ecologically friendly manner. The employed starting materials are cheap and formed side products are essentially non-toxic and can be easily removed and/or washed away.

Abstract: The high-nitrogen compound 3,6-di(azido)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (DiAT) was synthesized by a relatively simple method and used as a precursor for the preparation of carbon nanospheres and nanopolygons, and nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides.

Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nitride (C1-xNx) nanotubes with nano-sized pores on their stems, their preparation method and control method of size and quantity of pores thereof. The present invention further has an object of providing the C1-xNx nanotube with pores having the size of not more than 1 nm over structure of the nanotube and a method for preparing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide the control method of the size and quantity of pores with size of not more than 1 nm in the preparation of the C1-xNx nanotube with the pores over structure of the nanotube. The present invention can produce the C1-xNx nanotube with nano-sized pores by reacting hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst particles, wherein x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2.

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for end and side derivatization of carbon nanotubes. Also facile methods to attach moieties and nanoparticles on the side walls and both ends are described. The invention provides hybide materials for analytical, and optoelectronic purposes as well as materials applications. Materials have improved properties in the areas of tensile, electrical and thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A device and a method capable of producing induction fullerene with high yield are provided. Nitrogen gas being an object to be induced is introduced into a plasma flow producing chamber and a high-temperature flow forming chamber to form a high-temperature plasma flow consisting of nitrogen ions and electrons. A negative voltage is applied to a grid 105 to keep low electron energy in the high-temperature plasma flow. Then by making electrons collide with fullerene introduced from a fullerene sublimating oven 107, electrons are bonded to the fullerene and thereby the fullerene is ionized. A recovering cylinder 112 is disposed in an induction fullerene accumulating chamber so as to enclose a plasma flow. In this fullerene accumulating chamber, induction fullerene such as nitrogen-substitution hetero fullerene and nitrogen-included fullerene is produced and deposited in the recovering chamber 112.

Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nitride (C1-xNx) nanotubes with nano-sized pores on their stems, their preparation method and control method of size and quantity of pores thereof. The present invention further has an object of providing the C1-xNx nanotube with pores having the size of not more than 1 nm over structure of the nanotube and a method for preparing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide the control method of the size and quantity of pores with size of not more than 1 nm in the preparation of the C1-xNx nanotube with the pores over structure of the nanotube. The present invention can produce the C1-xNx nanotube with nano-sized pores by reacting hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst particles, wherein x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2.

Abstract: The high-nitrogen compound of the formula was prepared. Pyrolysis of the compound yields carbon nitrides C2N3 and C3N5. The carbon nitrides vary in their density, texture, and morphology.

Abstract: Catalyst suspensions for the ring-opening polymerization of alkylene oxides comprise a) at least one multimetal cyanide compound having a crystalline structure and a content of platelet-shaped particles of at least 30% by weight, based on the multimetal cyanide compound, and b) at least one organic complexing agent c) water and/or d) at least one polyether and/or e) at least one surface-active substance, with the proviso that at least component a) and at least two of the components b) to e) have to be present.

Abstract: Carbon-nitrogen nanofibers are prepared by contacting a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen and a carbon-nitrogen compound such as pyridine with a cobalt-iron catalyst at a temperature in the range of about 500-1000° C. The nanofibers are characterized by a structure in which layers emanate from a core catalyst particle and are parallel to each other but not parallel to the length axis of the nanofibers.

Abstract: There is provided a titanium hydroxide having a nitrogen content of 2.3% by weight or more in terms of nitrogen atom based on the titanium hydroxide and/or having a nitrogen content of about 3.3% by weight or more in terms of nitrogen atom based on the titanium oxide obtained after calcining the titanium hydroxide in air at about 400° C. The titanium hydroxide may be utilized as a raw material for producing a photocatalyst which exhibits a superior photocatalytic activity by irradiation of visible light.

Abstract: In multimetal cyanide complexes, more than 30% by weight of the primary particles have a platelet-like habit, i.e. the length and width of the primary particles is at least three times the thickness of the particles.

Abstract: Carbon nitride powder prepared by solid-state reaction between cyanuric chloride or its fluoro analogue and lithium nitride. The determined, by elemental analysis, atomic N/C ratio (1.33) in the synthesized material is consistent with C3N4 stoichiometry. Combined material characterization data, obtained by FTIR, Raman, UV-Vis, (13C) MAS NMR, XPS, TGA/DTA and pyrolysis-EIMS methods, provide substantial evidence for graphite-like sp2-bonded structure composed of building blocks of s-triazine rings bridged by the three-fold coordinated nitrogen atoms in the bulk carbon nitride.

Abstract: A cold cathode is formed of carbon nitride. The cathode may include layers of boron nitride and diamond underlying the carbon nitride. The cathodes are made by reactive laser ablation or by sputtering. Electronic devices utilizing the carbon nitride cathodes are also described.

Abstract: A nitrogen-containing molecular sieving carbon which contains at least 0.1 weight % nitrogen bonded to constituent carbon of the activated carbon. It exhibits improved ability to remove nitrogen oxides compared with the conventional adsorption methods using commercially available activated carbons or other absorbents. Also an economically advantageous system for removing nitrogen oxides is provided which needs no reducing agent such as ammonia, no oxidizing agent such as ozone, or no electrical and physical energy such as electron rays or ultraviolet light in its operation, needs no expensive catalysts, and can be semipermanently operated with regular changes of the relatively low-priced activated carbon.

Abstract: The present inventors have discovered how to make continuous films of single-phase crystalline .beta.-C.sub.3 N.sub.4 using microwave plasma chemical vapor transport. The films are hard, translucent nanocrystalline films useful for protecting a substrate.