Abstract: A nutrient composition for biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants or microorganisms includes at least one monometallic or mixed-metallic phosphate of the (M1 M2 M3 . . . Mx)3(PO4)2.aH2O type where 0?a?9, where (M1, M2, M3 . . . Mx) represent the one metal of the monometallic phosphate or the two or more metals of the mixed-metallic phosphate and are selected from Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and B, with the proviso that at least one of the metals in the phosphate is selected from Mn, Fe, Co and Ni.

Abstract: Food supplement compositions and their methods of use in promoting lean body mass are provided.

Abstract: Nutritional products having improved cohesiveness of food boluses and methods of making and using same are provided. The nutritional products may include nutritional compositions and high molecular weight, water-soluble polymers such that the nutritional products have extensional viscosities that provide improved cohesiveness to the nutritional products and Trouton ratios of at least 6. Methods of administering such nutritional products to patients having impaired swallowing ability and/or dysphagia are also provided.

Abstract: Systems, techniques and methods for estimating the metabolic state or flux, e.g., the body energy state (“BES”) of a patient, are disclosed. The BES provides a deep insight into the nutritional needs of the patient, thus allowing for a sort of exquisite glycemic control with regard to the patient. The invention discloses systems and methods for estimating fractional gluconeogenesis. The invention also discloses systems and methods for estimating and targeting patient blood lactate concentration, both as a target itself and as an intermediate step to estimating and targeting patient fractional gluconeogenesis glucose production. Nutritional support methods and formulations are also disclosed. The invention is suitable for any sort of patient, including those who are injured, such as with traumatic brain injury, ill, or have other conditions that stress the metabolic system.

Abstract: The undomesticated, i.e., criollo-type of avocado found growing in the tropics, particularly in the Dominican Republic, is used to prepare nutritional compositions for oral ingestion by humans and lower animals, especially pets such as dogs and cats.

Abstract: An ingestible nutritional substance (supplement and the like) including vitamins, minerals and other ingredients beneficial to a woman and/or her child that a woman may take at a time of her life surrounding pregnancy. This includes by ingesting determined and suited types and amounts of ingredients, including at selected times, to best assist the woman and/or infant's needs at the respective times. The ingestible supplement can be formulated for drinking with appropriate nutritional and health benefits as well as with desired lifestyle and taste and aesthetic attributes. The dosing and packaging of the supplement to best suit a specific class of woman's and baby's needs are also described. Other aspects are directed to the preservation, storage and dispensation of one or more ingredients that may not be stable with one another during storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a food formulation for the controlled release of glucose comprising glycogen and at least one other edible component, as well the use of glycogen for its preparation.

Abstract: A method of producing a solid glycerol derived material includes the steps of combining glycerol with a metal oxide, the glycerol having a water content of between about 5 and 50%, and the rate of combination of the glycerol and the metal oxide and the amount of the metal oxide being selected so that at least part of the water present in the glycerol reacts with the metal oxide in an exothermic reaction and at least part is driven off by heat produced in the exothermic reaction to produce the solid glycerol derived material.

Abstract: Feed ingredients that are otherwise susceptible to degradation by ruminal microorganisms are combined with mineral hydrates (or oxides) and water, and processed through a pin mixer, pellet mill, extruder, or other suitable device to produce agglomerated particles. The ruminant animal feed which is so produced effectively increases the proportion of dietary ingredients presented for digestion and absorption within the post-ruminal digestive tract of the animal by inhibiting premature digestion by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen.

Abstract: An infant formula having a relatively high content of triglycerides having palmitic acid in the sn-2 position. The formula may include oligofructose. The formula may also include at least one omega 6 fatty acid and at least one omega 3 fatty acid. The formula may also have a relatively low protein content and an alpha-lactalbumin content similar to human milk The invention also includes a method for improving the stool consistency, increasing bifidobacteria in the colon, reducing potentially pathogenic bacteria in the colon and reducing calcium soaps in the stool of a formula-fed infant.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of transforming a meal to improve the suitability of the meal for an individual with specific dietary needs that may be due to a medical condition. The methods include assessing the meal relative to the individual's dietary needs and administering a composition to the meal that tailors the meal to the dietary needs of the individual. The composition comprises a nutrient for fortifying the meal and an anti-nutrient for reducing the absorption of undesirable components of the meal.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid nutritional compositions, particularly shelf stable liquid nutritional compositions including compositions comprising non-hydrolysed whey protein, and methods of producing and using these compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a kit of parts comprising 2 to 100 containers each containing an infant formula, wherein each infant formula is in a form suitable for administration to an infant and/or toddler or in a form suitable for administration to an infant and/or toddler after admixing with an aqueous liquid, wherein the kit of part comprises at least two different infant formulas which differ from each other in taste and/or flavor by having a different protein fraction or by being a fermented infant formula, wherein each of the different protein fractions is selected from the group consisting of intact milk proteins including cow milk proteins, intact plant proteins including soy protein, hydrolysed proteins, free amino acids, or mixtures of two or more thereof. The invention further relates to the use of such kit of parts for stimulating the acceptance and/or liking of a broad range of fruits, vegetables and/or whole grain cereal products by infants and/or toddlers or later in life.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional compositions comprising a soluble viscous fiber and a polyphenol-containing plant extract. The viscosity of the nutritional compositions may be adjusted and controlled without varying the concentration of the soluble viscous fiber in the composition by including the polyphenol-containing plant extract.

Abstract: Nutritional products having improved cohesiveness of food boluses and methods of making and using same are provided. The nutritional products may include nutritional compositions and high molecular weight, water-soluble polymers such that the nutritional products have extensional viscosities that provide improved cohesiveness to the nutritional products and Trouton ratios of at least 6. Methods of administering such nutritional products to patients having impaired swallowing ability and/or dysphagia are also provided.

Abstract: To improve the solubility and the speed of dissolution of nutritional tablets comprising protein, fat and carbohydrates, dietary fibers are included in the nutritional tablets.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement composition for treating nutritional deficiencies caused by a medical condition in subjects is disclosed. The present application further discloses a method of using a nutritional supplements composition for treating a subject with complications resulting from sickle cell anemia. The method comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of the nutritional supplement.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods of obtaining and/or deriving a sugar-enriched extract from plants of the Nicotiana species and methods for incorporation of such extracts into various tobacco compositions. One exemplary method for preparing a sugar-enriched extract comprises contacting Nicotiana plant material with a solvent and extracting sugars into the solvent to form a liquid sugar-containing extract; separating a solid extracted plant material from the liquid sugar-containing extract; clarifying the liquid sugar-containing extract to form a clarified sugar-containing extract and a solids fraction; and isolating the liquid sugar-containing extract to provide a sugar-enriched extract comprising a combined weight of fructose and glucose of at least about 10% by dry weight. In certain embodiments, the sugars of the extract comprise at least about 50% by weight fructose.

Abstract: This invention relates to a non-medical food additive that is an animal growth promoter containing 99% pure zeolite partially or totally exchanged with a Cm+ cation (in other words a synthetic zeolite) with the general formula I below: 1 m ? yC m + ? ( 1 - y ) ? 1 n ? M n + ? AlO 2 ? x ? SiO 2 in which x is greater than 1 and advantageously between 1 and 15; Mn+ represents an alkaline or alkaline earth exchangeable ion, advantageously Na+, K+, Ca2+ or Li+; n is between 1 and 2; y is the exchange rate and is between 0.001 and 1; Cm+ is a metallic cation chosen from among copper Cu2+, silver Ag+ or zinc Zn2+; m is between 1 and 2. It also relates to an additive premix and a supplemented food containing it and a method of improving the growth of animals.

Abstract: A composition for human consumption includes a base composition having a pH of about 2 to about 5 and encapsulated caffeine dispersed throughout at least a portion of the base composition. The encapsulated caffeine can be a caffeine complex. The base composition can include a liquid or a food. An oral pouch product includes a porous pouch wrapper, an inner botanical filling material contained within the pouch wrapper, and encapsulated caffeine dispersed throughout at least a portion of the oral pouch product. The encapsulated caffeine is included in the composition and/or the oral pouch product an amount sufficient to release about 50 mg to about 200 mg of caffeine. The composition can provide immediate release of caffeine and/or release of caffeine over an extended period of time.

Abstract: Liquids, substantially clear liquids and foodstuffs are described that contain free acid HMB. The liquids, substantially clear liquids and foodstuffs are substantially free of crude fat and may contain soluble proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, flavorings and other components. The products are shelf-stable and are substantially free of separation, gelation, sedimentation and coagulation.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods of obtaining and/or deriving proteins from plants of the Nicotiana species and methods for incorporation of such proteins into various products. For example, a method for obtaining a protein-enriched material from a plant of the Nicotiana species or portion thereof is provided, comprising: extracting one or more proteins from the plant material into a solvent to form a liquid protein-containing extract; separating a solid extracted plant material from the liquid protein-containing extract; clarifying the liquid protein-containing extract to form a clarified protein-containing extract and a solids fraction; and treating the clarified protein-containing extract so as to provide a protein-enriched material comprising at least about 60% protein by weight.

Abstract: A metal ion nanocluster having a formula of X(OH)aYbZcMd(H2O)e. X, Y, Z, M, a, b, c, d, and e are defined herein. The nanocluster has a particle size of 2 to 500 nm and a molecular weight of 3500 to 1000000 Dalton. Also disclosed are a composition containing the nanocluster and a method of preparing the nanocluster.

Abstract: Provided herein are exemplary compositions, products, and capsules utilizing POA, EPA, blends of POA and EPA, total algal oil compositions, and/or whole biomass compositions in methods of inhibiting inflammation including in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, stroke, metabolic syndromes, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and/or cancer. The exemplary compositions, products, and capsules may be orally, topically, intravenously, and/or subcutaneously administered. The exemplary compositions herein may be used as feed, food, food supplements, beverages, beverage supplements, nutritional products, products for athletic performance, pharmaceutical products, and/or medical products for mammalian use, including humans.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to nutritional compositions including a protein equivalent source that includes a peptide component comprising selected peptides. The protein equivalent source may further include intact protein, hydrolyzed protein, including partially hydrolyzed protein, or combinations thereof. The disclosure further relates to methods of promoting healthy body weight in a target subject by stimulating adiponectin levels by providing the nutritional compositions disclosed herein to a target subject, which includes a pediatric subject.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a directly acidified nutritional formula that prevents growth of pathogenic bacteria in the liquid formula even at room temperature for prolonged time. The invention further relates to a method for preparing the formula and to the use of L(+)-lactic acid for preparing nutritional formulas with a pH in the range of 3.5 to 6.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for supporting resistance to bacterial growth in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject, particularly in that of a human infant. In certain embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject a nutritional composition that has a low buffer strength, wherein administration of said nutritional composition decreases the bacterial counts of bacteria selected from the group consisting of Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella enterica, and combinations thereof in the subject's gastrointestinal tract. This disclosure further relates to the manufacture and use of low-buffer nutritional compositions in methods for modulating gastric acidity and/or in methods for enhancing the rate of gastric emptying in a subject, each method comprising a step of administering at least one of said low-buffer nutritional compositions to the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for modifying the thermal and/or digestion properties of corn starches and corn flours.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nutritional composition comprising a fat source that includes an enriched lipid fraction derived from milk. The enriched lipid fraction may contain saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, CLAs, BCFAs, cholesterol, milk fat globule membrane proteins, gangliosides, and mixtures thereof. The enriched lipid fraction may exhibit additive or synergistic beneficial health effects when consumed. The disclosure further relates to methods of providing a nutritional composition comprising an enriched lipid fraction to targeted subjects.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lipid source for nutritional compositions, comprising an enriched lipid fraction which comprises structured fat globules. The enriched lipid fraction provides fat globules having a desired size and fatty acid composition and may be stabilized by components such as phospholipids, cholesterol, milk-fat globule membrane protein and combinations thereof. Additionally, the disclosure relates to methods of supporting lipid digestion in a pediatric subject by providing a nutritional composition comprising an enriched lipid fraction having structured fat globules that are more accessible to lipases. The chemical composition, size and structure of the fat globules may improve digestion. The disclosed nutritional compositions may provide additive and or/synergistic beneficial health effects.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition comprising a calcium salt and its preparation process. The calcium salt is a salt of Ca2+ ions and PO43? ions or HPO42?. The composition is appropriate for introduction in food products.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates in part to an emulsion system comprising a waxy starch. The emulsion system is useful, in some embodiments, for incorporation into infant formulas comprising protein equivalent sources, such as formulas designed for individuals with certain protein allergies. Thus, in certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a nutritional composition comprising a protein equivalent source comprising a hydrolyzed protein, amino acids, or a mixture thereof, a fat source, a carbohydrate source, and an emulsifier system comprising a waxy starch. The emulsifier system may further include citric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides or an octenyl succinic acid-modified starch, or both.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating an alga having ability to produce alginic acid industrially and effectively and a method for producing an alginic acid-containing composition industrially advantageously. The method for cultivating an alga according to the present invention is characterized in comprising the step of cultivating the alga heterotrophically, wherein the alga belongs to the genus Parachlorella and has ability to produce alginic acid.

Abstract: The present patent application relates to a novel coating system, coated compositions with such a coating system, as well as to the use of such compositions in the production food, feed, dietary supplements and/or pharmaceutical products, as well as to food, feed, dietary supplements and/or pharmaceutical products comprising such compositions.

Abstract: Highly compactable granulations and methods for preparing highly compactable granulations are disclosed. More particularly, highly compactable calcium carbonate granulations are disclosed. The granulations comprise powdered materials such as calcium carbonate that have small median particle sizes. The disclosed granulations are useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical tableting and provide smaller tablet sizes upon compression than previously available.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microalgal food products with acceptable sensory characteristics and methods of producing the food products. The flour can be produced by cultivating microalgal cells of a strain of Chlorella protothecoides under conditions of acceptable pH and dissolved oxygen to produce a desired amount of lipid. The microalgal cells can be lysed, heat-treated, washed and dried to produce a microalgal flour that can be incorporated into a variety of products.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a palatability-enhancing composition for pet food, wherein said composition comprises about 1 to 70% by weight of free amino acids, as well as uses thereof, especially for producing pet foods having enhanced palatability. Cat food is more specifically concerned by the present invention.

Abstract: Provided are compositions containing amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), and at least one phosphorylated amino acid which stabilizes the amorphous form of said calcium carbonate. The compositions are useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations.

Abstract: A micronutrient supplement which is made by reacting a metal oxide, or metal hydroxide, or metal carbonate of an essential mineral and an acid and/or a metal salt of an essential mineral containing a digestible binder to form a slurry of micronutrient crystals and a digestible binder and forming agglomerated particles of the micronutrient crystals from the slurry. The agglomerated particles provide a non-dusting, free-flowing micronutrient supplement that can be produced with desired particle sizes and densities so as to be easily mixed with a variety of feed mixtures. The digestible binder in the agglomerated particles reduces the opportunity for interactions between the micronutrient crystals and other ingredients that can be present in complex feed mixtures while allowing release of the micronutrients in an animal's digestive system.

Abstract: A method and composition are provided for coating a component to achieve colon-targeted delivery. A component is coated with a fructose-based non-digestible carbohydrate such as a inulin, fructo-oligosaccharide or neosugar. The coated component is orally administered to a monogastric animal. The non-digestible coating causes the composition to pass through the stomach and small intestine without being degraded, and delivers the component to the colon where the coating is digested by microbial fermentation and the component is released.

Abstract: A crystal comestible product and method of making it are provided. The crystal comestible product is suitable for use as a food additive, a flavor additive, a nutritional additive, and decoration. The crystal comestible product includes a matrix of edible crystals surrounding air pockets and free spaces, providing a light crunchy crispy texture. The crystal comestible product may include ingredients that add flavor, color, nutritional value, texture, structure, or stability. Suitable ingredients include fresh herbs, fresh flowers, spices, natural and synthetic flavors, nuts, vitamins and minerals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microalgal food products with acceptable sensory characteristics and methods of producing the food products. The flour can be produced by cultivating microalgal cells of a strain of Chlorella protothecoides under conditions of acceptable pH and dissolved oxygen to produce a desired amount of lipid. The microalgal cells can be lysed, heat-treated, washed and dried to produce a microalgal flour that can be incorporated into a variety of products.

Abstract: A process of preparing a burdock composite micron essence at least includes the following. Dissolved and heated phospholipid is added to a vegetable oil extract and then stirred. After stirring, the above mixture is pour into a heated glycerol and then further stirred and a burdock extract aqueous solution is added. The aforementioned mixed solution is stirred at high speed, the emulsion-homogenized solution is subject to high-pressure homogenization, and a filtration membrane is used to filter the homogenized solution obtained to get a purple transparent burdock concentrate. The burdock concentrate is used to prepare the formulation of nano-micro emulsion which is easily absorbed by human body and thus grants improved health benefits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion by free-radical emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture which comprises N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, to the polymer dispersion obtainable by this process, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to nutritional supplements comprising rice protein isolate. Some embodiments of the nutritional supplement comprise less than about 90 mg of leucine per gram of rice protein isolate and less than about 50 mg of lysine per gram of rice protein isolate. Some embodiments pertain to methods of using the nutritional supplements described herein to achieve one or more of weight gain, weight maintenance, growth, muscle growth, muscle maintenance, decreased muscle loss, or improved exercise training results.

Abstract: Highly compactable granulations and methods for preparing highly compactable granulations are disclosed. More particularly, highly compactable calcium carbonate granulations are disclosed. The granulations comprise powdered materials such as calcium carbonate that have small median particle sizes. The disclosed granulations are useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical tableting and provide smaller tablet sizes upon compression than previously available.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising an acidified aqueous solution of (1) micro colloidal silicic acid, (2) boric acid, and (3) a water absorbing additive, having a pH value of equal to or less than 1, wherein the micro colloidal silicic acid has particle sizes in the range of 1-8 nm, especially in the range of 1.5-6 nm. The invention also provides a particulate product obtainable by the method according to claim 18, wherein the particles comprise (1) silicic acid, (2) boric acid, and (3) the water absorbing additive, and wherein at least 90% of the particles in the particulate product have particle sizes in the range of 0.3-5 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for using fatty acid alkanolamides for ameliorating one or more symptoms or conditions caused by stress, e.g., loss of appetite, or for maintaining and enhancing nutrient and caloric intake by an animal under stress or that has experienced stress. Generally, the fatty acid alkanolamides in amounts of from about 0.1 to about 1500 mg/kg/day before, during or after stress, preferably on a regular or daily basis as a component of a food composition or as a dietary supplement.

Abstract: An alkaline sports drink that utilizes phosphate buffer to achieve a pH of 7.4 (+/?0.3) for the purpose of preventing dental caries, improving physical performance, and benefiting overall health, is disclosed. This beverage product is stable at an alkaline pH, which is beneficial for oral health and the use of phosphate buffer increases physical performance by increasing muscle oxygen availability. The product is beneficial to overall health by buffering harmful acidic metabolites and aiding in their excretion from the body.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least about 25% of a fiber component, by weight of the composition, provides a safe and effective amount of fiber component to a user. A method of producing such a composition is provided. Additionally a method of providing a safe and effective amount of fiber component to a user is provided.