Abstract: The invention is directed to a class of compounds, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, having the structure of formula (I): as defined in the specification. The invention is also directed to compositions containing the compounds of formula (I). They are useful in the treatment of CNS disorders.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, this invention provides compositions and methods for treating cancer or any condition caused by dysfunctional cells, side effects from treatments for cancer or any condition caused by dysfunctional cells, e.g., mucositis therapies (e.g., for oral mucositis; digestive mucositis; esophageal mucositis; intestinal mucositis). In alternative embodiments, the invention provides cytoprotection products that may be used either alone or in combination with other medical therapies such as cancer chemotherapies and radiation therapies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for preventing migraines. The migraine prophylaxis composition is a single dosage form comprising at least one form of elemental magnesium and at least one NSAID. The prophylaxis composition, comprising at least one form of elemental magnesium and a therapeutically effective concentration of acetylsalicylic acid may also provide cardiac protection and prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: There are disclosed skin treatment compositions containing cell signaling compounds, which induce and promote the biosynthesis and/or bioactivity of endogenous chemicals that mediate cell to cell communication in the skin between keratinocytes, fibroblasts and other cell types present in the skin. The cell signaling compound is selected from the group consisting of: andrographolide and its derivatives; adenosine cyclic phosphate and its derivatives; hydrolyzed milk proteins; sunflower seed extract; plankton extract; phytol and its derivatives; and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Natural and synthetic compounds having a lactone structure methods for using and making the compounds have been disclosed. The compounds are useful as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory agents, and for treating proliferation disorders such as melanoma, leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, esophagus cancer, liver cancer, and lymphatic cancer. The compounds are also effective for treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, lung fibrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, pancreatitis, sarcoidosis, glomerulitis, and organ transplant rejection. They are also effective for treatment or prevention of bacterial and fungal infections, including treatment of peptic ulcers, gastritis, dyspepsia and gastric cancer, gingivitis and periodontitis.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a COX-2 inhibitor for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorders, affective disorders, autism or tic disorders, in particular chronic schizophrenic psychoses and schizoaffective psychoses, temporary acute psychotic disorders, depressive episodes, recurring depressive episodes, manic episodes and bipolar affective disorders. Moreover, the invention is concerned with the use of a COX-2 inhibitor, in particular celecoxib, in combination with a neuroleptic drug, in particular risperidone, or an antidepressant, for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, delusional disorders, affective disorders, autism or tic disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to butenolide compounds having cytoprotection such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and/or antifungal properties, and which are derived from the marine fungus Aureobasidium.

Abstract: The invention provides dosage forms for the delivery of one or more non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to equines. The dosage forms are palatable, desirable, and easy to administer with little or no mess or waste. The dosage form can be a cookie that includes one or more grain products, one or more protein products, one or more flavoring agents, or a combination thereof. The dosage form also includes a therapeutically effective amount of one or more non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, for the treatment of joint deterioration, swelling and inflammation, founder, fever, laminitis, or a combination thereof. The drug can be phenylbutazone or firocoxib and the dosage unit can be conveniently hand-fed to the horse.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is specific lactone compounds which can be used as antioxidant agents in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions or in food products, the said compounds containing a naphthalene ring onto which two lactone units are grafte.

Abstract: Organic compounds are described for use in inhibiting or preventing formation of bacterial biofilms.

Abstract: Compounds of Formulae Ia and Ic having a lactone structure and an methylene group at the alpha-position of the lactone structure and methods for using and making the compounds have been disclosed. The lactone compounds can be reacted with an neucleaphilic agent to open the lactone ring to a compound of Formula Ib. The lactone of Formula Ia and its functional derivatives have been isolated from Securidaca virgata. These compounds are referred to as LMSV-6 or Securolide™. The purified compounds have demonstrated activity in assays for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, and for treating proliferation disorders such as cancer. Based on the in vitro assays, the lactones are useful for treating proliferation disorders including, for example, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, and leukemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for improving skeletal muscle protein metabolism through encouraging skeletal muscle protein synthesis, reducing skeletal muscle protein degradation, and attenuating inflammatory signaling in exercising muscle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 2,4,6-phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y and CKE have the meanings given in the disclosure, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. The invention further relates to selectively herbicidal compositions containing 2,4,6-phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols and a compound which improves crop plant tolerance.

Abstract: Methods of treating adenocarcinoma cells such as NSCLC cells are disclosed that depend upon the level of functionally active LKB1 expressed in the cancer cells being treated. In one embodiment, the cancer cells express functionally active LKB1 and the method comprises contacting those cells with a LKB1-stimulating amount of a COX-2-specific inhibitor in combination with an inhibiting amount of a specific inhibitor of mTOR. In another embodiment, the cancer cells express about 25 percent or less of the normal, functional LKB1 expressed by non-transformed cells of the same type are contacted with a growth inhibiting amount of an agent that inhibits cellular metabolism and induces energetic stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 3-biphenyl-substituted, 3-substituted 4-keto-lactams and -lactones of the formula (I) in which A, B, Q, G, W, X, Y and Z are as defined in the disclosure, to processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides and/or microbicides and/or herbicides.

Abstract: Methods of increasing the permeability of corneal epithelium to facilitate the diffusion of agents into the collagen fibrillar network of the stroma are provided. Used in combination, these methods open the epithelium to facilitate diffusion of stabilization molecules into the stroma and dissociate bridging molecules from stromal collagen fibers, thereby priming the collagen fibrillar network for restabilization by stabilization molecules. These methods can be used to increase the effectiveness and longevity of non-invasive corneal reshaping, such as orthokeratology, for correcting myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions including a first component including at least one phospholipid possessing at least one vinyl group, a second component including a furanone possessing vinyl and/or acrylate groups, and a third component including a hydroxamate. Compositions, medical devices, and coatings including copolymers and blends of the foregoing components are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are isolated compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit immunostimulatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The compounds are isolated from the fruiting body of A. camphorata in a solid culture. Also disclosed are methods of stimulating immune responses and/or treating an inflammatory disorder with these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an andrographolide derivative of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are same or different substituents selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted organic acid radicals, inorganic acid radicals, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is R-lipoic acid, S-lipoic acid or a mixture thereof, or corresponding dihydrolipoic acids thereof, or N-acetylcysteine radical. The derivative has good antitumor effect, can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, can directly kill Gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) and drug resistance bacteria (MRSA5676 and MRSA5677), can inhibit the QS-system of Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), can inhibit and destroy the formation of biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and exhibits significant hypoglycemic effect, so that it can be used in manufacture of medicaments for treatment of cancers, inflammation, diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections.

Abstract: This invention provides new lipoxin analogs, compositions containing analogs, and methods of using these compounds and compositions for treating and preventing oral inflammation, including gingivitis, periodontitis, and other forms of periodontal disease. The invention also provides for methods of treating and preventing oral inflammation, including gingivitis, periodontitis, and other forms of periodontal disease with compositions containing COX-2 inhibitors. Further, the invention provides methods for preventing systemic diseases beyond theoral cavity that are related to periodontal disease using the composition containing lipoxin analogs, COX-2 inhibitors, or both.

Abstract: A ?-butyrolactone compound as shown in Formula (I) and pharmaceutical composition thereof: wherein X?N, O, S, Se; and A and B are selected from substituents having the following formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, and a nitro group. The ?-butyrolactone compound and pharmaceutical composition thereof butyrolactone have inhibitory effects on hepatoma, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, malignant glioblastoma or colorectal carcinoma, and are cytotoxic with high specificity to inhibit Paclitaxel-resistant tumor cells at later stage of chemotherapy without any damage on normal cells.

Abstract: Described herein are microneedle drug delivery systems comprising a pharmaceutical compositions comprising pharmaceutically active agents (e.g., cannabidiol and prodrugs of cannabidiol) and microneedle arrays suitable for local and systemic delivery of the active agent to a mammal. Also described herein are methods of using a microneedle transdermal or topical drug delivery systems comprising pharmaceutical compositions, comprising cannabidiol and prodrugs of cannabidiol, and microneedle arrays in the treatment disease, including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for enhancing bone healing, bone formation and wound healing. More specifically, it relates to the use of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) following bone fracture, orthopaedic procedure or wound infliction to enhance healing.

Abstract: Optimal compositions of derivatives of 5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone compounds and phenylpropanoid polyketides related to inotilone, that exert biological response modification in health and disease, and their method of preparation, are disclosed. Methods of treating degenerative conditions stemming from over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using these compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gamma-undecenolactone of formula (i), wherein a lactonic cycle can carry an unsaturation between carbon No. 2 and carbon No. 3 and is preferably saturated, RI is a possibly substituted C7 alkenyl or alkynyl group having at least one unsaturation, and preferably RI is an CH2?CH—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2 group, the gamma-undecenolactone contains an asymetric carbon in position 4 having (R) or (S) configuration. The biosynthesis of the gamma-undecenolactone and the use thereon for perfumery and for a food flavoring agent are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of cancer involves delivering a surface active agent to an organism, where the surface active agent selectively partitions to and kills cancer cells as opposed to healthy cells. The surface active agent can be an ionic or a non-ionic surfactant with a HLB of less than 29 or a mixture of surface active agents with a HLB of less than 40, where the hydrophobic portion is a lesser fraction of the surface active agent than the hydrophilic portion. A fluorescence method of detecting and locating cancer cells in an organism involves delivering a surface active agent, where the surface active agent includes a fluorescence moiety that upon selective partitioning of the surface active agent to the cancer cells and irradiation by a radiation source to excite the fluorescence moiety, a fluorescence emission is observed permitting the detection and location of the cancerous tissue by local volumes of relatively high intensity emission.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for effectively and accurately measuring a patient response upon administration of one or more drugs to the patient. The methods are more sensitive than current methodologies. Also described herein are compositions comprising an analgesic and a sufficient amount of an antihistamine to enhance the analgesic properties of the analgesic. With respect to these compositions, the methods described herein are useful for evaluating qualities of pain, definite improvement, and one or more bodily functions of a subject afflicted with pain. The compositions described herein are useful in improving the quality of pain in a subject or a bodily function of a subject afflicted with pain or definite improvement of a subject afflicted with pain.

Abstract: Methods for treating breathing disorders by inhibition of the induced PGE2 pathway in a mammalian subject, methods for assessing apnea, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or perinatal asphyxia by detecting an elevated level of PGE2, or a metabolite thereof, in a sample from the subject compared with a control level, and in vitro and in vivo screening methods for medicaments for treating breathing disorders are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and products for treating emotional disorders such as stress induced emotional disorders, as well as related assays and kits. Methods include administering to a subject an effective amount of an agent for targeting the Rac1, Cdk5, p35, PAK-1 pathway to treat the emotional disorder. The agent for targeting the Rac1, Cdk5, p35, PAK-1 pathway may be, for instance a Rac-1 inhibitor, a Cdk5 inhibitor, a PAK-1 activator, or p35 mobilizing agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of using inhibitors of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) for the treatment, prevention, inhibition or alleviation of diseases associated with neuronal hypometabolism and/or loss of cognitive function caused by reduced neuronal metabolism such as, for example, Age Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), GLUT1-deficient Epilepsy, Leprechaunism and Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome, Coronary Arterial Bypass Graft (CABG) dementia, anesthesia induced memory loss, Huntington's disease and many others.

Abstract: Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are contemplated that inhibit N-acyl-ethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) to so increase the concentration of the substrate of NAAA, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). NAAA inhibition is contemplated to be effective to alleviate conditions associated with a reduced concentration of PEA. Among other uses, various NAAA inhibitors are especially contemplated as therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A cubic liquid crystal composition comprising at least one amphiphilic compound having the following general formula (1) and having an IV/OV value of 0.65 to 0.95, and water or an aqueous medium: wherein R represents a hydrophilic group; X and Y each independently represent a hydrogen atom or together form an oxygen atom; n is an integer of 0 to 4; and m is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to surface-modified particles and to methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing a pelvic pain disorder that include analyzing samples for increased levels and/or nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, which indicates presence of the pelvic pain disorder, particularly interstitial cystitis. Therapeutic treatment of a pelvic pain disorder, particularly interstitial cystitis, includes the administration to a patient of an effective amount of an inhibitor of beta-catenin activity. This can be carried out by direct administration of the therapeutic agent or via gene therapy.

Abstract: HIV infection can be detected by measuring phosphorylation levels of the actin-depolymerizing factor (AFD)/cofilin family, and infection can be treated and/or prevented by modulating the HIV co-receptor signaling pathway.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, compositions, and uses of those compositions for making medicaments, for potentiating the beneficial effects of inhibitors of COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, and reducing adverse effects, by also administering inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (“sEH”), with or without also administering one or more cis-epoxyeicosantrienoic acids. The invention further relates to the use of inhibitors of sEH as analgesics and to methods and compositions of epoxides of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, optionally with an inhibitor of sEH, to reduce pain or inflammation or both.

Abstract: It has been demonstrated that a group of single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used to determine the presence or absence of certain extended PTGS2 haplotypes in the genome of a subject or individual, in order to determine the susceptibility to disease of the subject, the disease prognosis of the subject, or predict the response to therapy of the subject, thereby allowing personalised therapy of said subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds from mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea. The present invention also relates to a composition and a method for treating or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Abstract: Combinations of certain analgesics with COX-II inhibitors, related pharmaceutical compositions, including advantageous galenical forms containing these combinations, and the use of such combinations in methods of treatment, in particular for the treatment of pain.

Abstract: Derivatives of dicarbonyl compounds having antitumor and antibiotic activity which can be used as anticancer agents.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula I, wherein A1 is O or NH; A2 is O or S; each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen, a methyl or C2-C8-saturated or mono- or doubly unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon group; and R3 is a C1-C18-saturated or mono- or doubly unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon group wherein, each of R1, R2 and R3 comprises a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O and S in the chain and/or is mono- or multiply-substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C1-C6-alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, and C1-C6-alkyl-C6-C10-aryl are useful for controlling the interaction process between microorganisms such as in the development and/or maturation of biofilms; multicellular swarm behavior; the concerted development of antibiotic resistances; the concerted synthesis of antibiotics; the concerted synthesis of pigments; the concerted production of extracellular enzymes; or the concerted production of virulence factors.

Abstract: The invention relates to compouns derived from betulin, and to the use thereof as antibacterial agents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for controlling molluscs, members of the Gastropoda and Bivalvia classes which includes but is not limited to lactones, lactams, carbamates, amides, and/or carboxylic acid containing compounds as active ingredients and/or compounds derived from Pseudomonas and/or Erwinia. Also provided are methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy of chemical and biological control for invasive molluscs in open waters, power plants, and drinking water treatment facilities under coldwater conditions.

Abstract: 14-O—[(((C1-6)Alkoxy-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O—[(((C1-6)Mono- or dialkylamino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Hydroxy-(C1-6)-alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Formyl-(C0-5)-alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Guanidino-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Ureido-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Thioureido-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Isothioureido-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins and their use as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cyclic ketal compounds of formula (I) which are inhibitors of the beta-secretase enzyme and that are useful in the treatment of diseases in which the beta-secretase enzyme is involved, such as Alzheimer's disease. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the treatment of such diseases in which the beta-secretase enzyme is involved.

Abstract: A method for treating skin, reducing oxidative damage to a skin cell, reducing lipoxygenase (LO) activity in a skin cell, reducing cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in a skin cell, reducing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) in a skin cell, or reduction matrix metalloproteinase enzyme activity in a skin cell comprising contacting skin or a skin cell with an aromatic skin-active ingredient.

Abstract: System for selecting a color shade comprising a very small number of color display cards with mixed shades of two or more colors. The system comprises means for selecting one shade among mixed shades, means for presenting the selected mixed shade as well as means for specifying the selected mixed shade for making paint in the desired color tone.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and compositions for treating pathological lung conditions using whole-grain flaxseed or flaxseed lignans (isolated in form of the lignan precursor Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) directly from whole-grain flaxseed or chemically synthesized directly into the mammalian, readily metabolizable forms, Enterodiol (ED) or Enterolactone (EL). Such pathological condition result from oxidative lung injury such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (related to lung transplantation), radiation fibrosis and cancer. Specifically, the invention is directed to the use of flaxseed lignans in the treatment of acute and chronic lung injury as well as cancer.

Abstract: There is disclosed use of certain cyclolignans for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, nephropathy, retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, rubeotic glaucoma, thyroid eye disease, corneal graft rejection and corneal chemical burns; and for contraception. Preferred compounds are picropodophyllin, deoxypicropodophyllin and anhydropicropodophyllol. There is also described a method of treatment of an eye disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high intensity fragrance composition for use in a cosmetic, toiletry, personal care, personal cleansing product or adsorbent article, which comprises by weight: a) 75% to 100% of at least 2 fragrance ingredients where each fragrance ingredients must contain only atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, comprise an ester functional group, an alcohol functional group or an aldehyde functional group, have boiling points between 100° C. and 300° C. at a pressure of 760 mm of mercury, have molecular weights within the range of 70 atomic mass units to 175 atomic mass units, and have ClogP values between 0.00 and 4.00; b) 0 to 25% of an essential oil; and c) 0 to 25% of a fragrance ingredient other than the fragrance ingredients in category a), wherein the sum of a), b) and c) equals 100%.