Abstract: A preparing method for high-purity levetiracetam, comprising: adjusting the pH of an extracted aqueous layer obtained by dissociating (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid (R)-methylbenzylamine salt to 5-9; removing water; adding an organic solvent to form a solution and then performing an esterification reaction with ethyl chloroformate or methylchlorofonmate; and carrying out an ammonolysis reaction to obtain the levetiracetam. The method simplifies production process, increases yield, reduces or even avoids the use of triethylamine in the esterification process, and reduces the emission of a great amount of three wastes.

Abstract: The specification discloses compositions and methods for treating a soft tissue defect of an individual.

Abstract: A new crystal form of threo glycopyrronium chloride is useful in pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound, solid forms, and compositions thereof, which are useful as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and which exhibit desirable characteristics for the same. The present invention also provides methods of making provided compound and solid forms.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for preparing intermediates useful for preparing compounds of the formula: or a tautomer or salt thereof, where R1-R5, a, b, X and P2, are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), in which R1, R3, R5, R6, R7, R, X and Y have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidase and can be employed for the treatment of tumours.

Abstract: Salts of glycopyrrolate, including solid forms thereof are herein disclosed. Methods of making glycopyrrolate salts and methods of treating hyperhidrosis with salts of glycopyrrolate are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are defined as set forth in the specification. The compounds are agonists of neurotrophin (such as nerve growth factor) receptors.

Abstract: Methods of preparing (+)-1,4-dihydro-7-[(3S,4S)-3-methoxy-4-(methylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-4-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid are disclosed. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising (+)-1,4-dihydro-7-[(3S,45)-3-methoxy-4-(methylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-4-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, and methods of treatment using such compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) are disclosed herein and their use in inhibiting quorum sensing in bacteria.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel substituted 8-alkoxy-2-aminotetraline derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new co-crystals of pyrrolidinones having the formula (I) wherein R1 is a C-1-C6 alkyl group. R2 is a C-1-C6 alkyl group which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogens or R2 is a C2-C6 alkenyl group.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds and monomers having a carbonate linkage. The monomers can be used to form homopolymers or can be coupled with other monomers to provide a wide variety of non-homopolymers. The invention further provides a wide variety of compositions comprising the compounds, monomers, and polymers. In the exemplary structures below, Q, A, R, and n are as described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for producing NEP inhibitors or prodrugs thereof, in particular NEP inhibitors comprising a ?-amino-?-biphenyl-?-methylalkanoic acid, or acid ester, backbone. In detail, the new processes, according to the present invention, are ultimately related to the synthesis of intermediates to prepare the above NEP inhibitors, namely compounds according to formula (1), or salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are, independently of each other, hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, and R3 is a carboxyl group or an ester group, preferably carboxyl group or alkyl ester.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, methods of modulating the androgen receptor, methods of treating diseases beneficially treated by an androgen receptor modulator (e.g., sarcopenia, prostate cancer, contraception, type 2 diabetes related disorders or diseases, anemia, depression, and renal disease) and processes for making compounds and intermediates useful in the preparation of same.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for preparing intermediates useful for preparing compounds of the formula: or a tautomer or salt thereof, where R1-R5, a, b, X and P2, are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel trifluoromethoxyphenyl-substituted tetramic acid derivatives of the formula (I), in which J, X, Y, A, B, D and G have the meanings given above, to a number of processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. The invention further provides selective herbicidal compositions which comprise, firstly, trifluoromethoxyphenyl-substituted tetramic acid derivatives and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The invention further relates to the boosting of the action of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I) through the additions of ammonium salts or phosphonium salts and optionally penetrants.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel substituted 8-alkoxy-2-aminotetraline derivatives, to processes for their preparation, to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel lactams of formulae (I) and (II). The present invention further relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment of microbial infections and microbial contamination of surfaces, particularly infections and surface contaminations characterised by biofilm formation. Further provided are compounds of formula (I) and (II) substituted with acrylate or methacrylate groups and their attachment to surfaces or polymers to inhibit microbial contamination.

Abstract: Processes for making pyrrolidones include providing a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing and/or monoammonium succinate (MAS)-containing fermentation broth; distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of greater than 100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes SA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion and a solid portion that is substantially pure SA; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and converting the solid SA portion to pyrrolidones.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratin fibres, and in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising at least one 2-pyrrolidone functionalized in the 4 position with a carboxylic acid or amide radical, and at least one hydrophobic direct dye or a pigment; a dyeing process using this composition. Similarly, the invention relates to the use of the said pyrrolidone combined with a direct dye or a pigment for dyeing keratin fibres, and especially to the use of the said pyrrolidone for improving the colour uptake onto the fibres of direct dyes that are sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous-alcoholic supports. The invention also relates to novel pyrrolidone derivatives. The present invention makes it possible in particular to obtain direct dyeing on keratin fibres that is fast, resistant to washing, chromatic and powerful.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel manufacturing process and novel intermediates useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds of general formula I used for treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain, anxiety and social phobia. The invention describes preparation of enantiomerically pure (S)-Pregabalin from chiral pyrrolidin-2-one of formula IV.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising pesticide and polyalkylene oxide. The invention furthermore relates to pyrrolidone alkylene oxides and the use thereof in agrochemical formulations. It furthermore relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesired vegetation and/or undesired attack by insects or mites and/or for regulating the growth of plants. Furthermore, it relates to the use of a composition according to the invention for controlling undesired attack by insects or mites on plants and/or for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or for controlling undesired vegetation, where seeds of useful plants are treated with the composition. Finally, the present invention also relates to seed treated with the composition according to the invention. The present invention comprises combinations of preferred features together with other preferred features.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for topical administration for prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with decrease in bone mass comprising an EP4 agonist as an active ingredient. An EP4 agonist, in which includes a compound possessing prostaglandin skeleton as a representative, possesses promoting action on bone formation, so it is useful for prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with decrease in bone mass (bone diseases such as primary osteoporosis, secondary osteoporosis, bone metastasis of cancer, hypercalcemia, Paget's disease, bone loss and bone necrosis, postoperative osteogenesis, alternative therapy for bone grafting).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing enantiomerically pure 4-pyrrolidinophenylbenzyl ether derivatives of formula I: wherein R1, R21, R22, R23, R24 and n are as defined in the description and claims and to intermediates useful in the method of the invention as well as salts thereof.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel lactam-substituted dicarboxylic acid derivatives, processes for their preparation, their use for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, and their use for producing medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, especially for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidin-2-ones according to the formula (1), or salts thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group, methods for their preparation and their use in the preparation of NEP-inhibitors, particularly in the preparation of N-(3-carboxyl-1-oxopropyl)-(4S)-(p-phenylphenylmethyl)-4-amino-(2R)-methyl butanoic acid ethyl ester or salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to 5?-biphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols for therapeutic purposes, to pharmaceutical compositions and to their use in therapy, in particular for the prophylaxis and therapy of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidaemia, fatty livers and of disorders of the cardiovascular system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel manufacturing process and novel intermediates useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds of general formula I used for treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain, anxiety and social phobia. The invention describes preparation of enantiomerically pure (S)-Pregabalin from chiral pyrrolidin-2-one of formula IV.

Abstract: Selective intramolecular C—H amination via metalloradical activation of azides: synthesis of 1,3-diamines under neutral and nonoxidative conditions. One aspect of the present invention is the synthesis of 1,3-diamines by intramolecular C—H amination of sulfamoyl azides. More specifically, sulfamoyl azides may be selectively aminated via metalloradical activation of azides, preferably with Co(II) porphyrins. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the Co(II) porphyrin is a D2h-symmetric porphyrin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making sulfur containing fluoroalkyl amines which overcomes the problems of previously known methods. Sulfur containing fluoroalkyl amines are useful as intermediates for compounds which are in turn useful for imparting water and oil repellency to textiles. Sulfur containing fluoroalkyl amines used in this manner may be found in Example 8 of Rondestvedt et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,655,732) wherein they are made by reacting an iodo-fluoroalkyl with an aminoalkyl thiol. Specifically, Rondestvedt et al. teaches reacting CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2I (an iodo-fluoroalkyl) with HS—CH2CH2—NH2 (an aminoalkyl thiol) to make CF3(CF2)5(CH2)2—S—CH2CH2—NH2 (a sulfur containing fluoroalkyl amine). Unlike previously known methods, the method of the present invention can achieve higher yields of sulfur containing fluoroalkyl amines without resorting to costly solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new enantioselective method of preparing (S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid, commonly known as pregabalin. The invention also provides new chiral intermediates useful in the production of pregabalin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula wherein R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkenyl, wherein lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and lower alkenyl may optionally be substituted by a group consisting of lower alkoxycarbonyl, aryl and heterocyclyl, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives of the formula I are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases which are associated with DPP IV.

Abstract: [Problem] The present invention has an object to provide a compound having a GPR40 agonistic activity, which is useful as a pharmaceutical composition, an insulin secretion promoter, or an agent for preventing/treating diabetes. [Means for Solution] The present inventors have extensively studied a compound having a GPR40 agonistic activity, and as a result, they have found that the compound (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which a carboxylic acid is bonded to a bicyclic or tricyclic moiety through methylene, and further, a benzene ring substituted with a monocyclic 6-membered aromatic ring is bonded to a bicyclic or tricyclic moiety through —O-methylene or —NH-methylene, has an excellent GPR40 agonistic activity. They have also found that the compound has an excellent insulin secretion promoting action and strongly inhibits increase in the blood glucose after glucose loading, thereby completing the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a sulfonylpyrrole compound useful as a pharmaceutical product, a production method of an intermediate used for the method, and a novel intermediate. The present invention relates to a method of producing sulfonylpyrrole compound (VIII), which includes reducing compound (III) and hydrolyzing the reduced product to give compound (IV), subjecting compound (IV) to a sulfonylation reaction to give compound (VI), and subjecting compound (VI) to an amination reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3-carboxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine derivatives of formula (I), geometrical isomers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and all possible mixtures thereof, and processes using them.

Abstract: New photoacid generator compounds are provided that comprise a nitrogen-base functional component of the structure —C(?O)N<. Photoresist compositions also are provided that comprise one or more PAGs of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of and mainly novel compounds of the formula I wherein the moieties are as defined in the description, which are useful as farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase modulators and e.g. in the treatment of proliferative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising pesticide and polyalkylene oxide. The invention furthermore relates to pyrrolidone alkylene oxides and the use thereof in agrochemical formulations. It furthermore relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesired vegetation and/or undesired attack by insects or mites and/or for regulating the growth of plants. Furthermore, it relates to the use of a composition according to the invention for controlling undesired attack by insects or mites on plants and/or for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or for controlling undesired vegetation, where seeds of useful plants are treated with the composition. Finally, the present invention also relates to seed treated with the composition according to the invention. The present invention comprises combinations of preferred features together with other preferred features.

Abstract: An 8-azaprostaglandin represented by formula (I) (wherein all symbols have the same meanings as described in the specification), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a cyclodextrin clathrate thereof.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which inhibit SIR2 base exchange more than deacetylation, thus enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity. Methods of using the compounds for enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity and increasing longevity of an organism are also disclosed. Methods for screening for compounds that enhance SIR2 deacetylation activity and increase longevity of an organism are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: A series of substituted aryl sulfone derivatives represented by Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions comprise an effective amount of the instant compounds, either alone, or in combination with one or more other therapeutically active compounds, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods of treating conditions associated with, or caused by, calcium channel activity, including, for example, acute pain, chronic pain, visceral pain, inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, urinary incontinence, itchiness, allergic dermatitis, epilepsy, diabetic neuropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, anxiety, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorder, bipolar disorder and stroke, comprise administering an effective amount of the present compounds, either alone, or in combination with one or more other therapeutically active compounds.

Abstract: A compound comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, or a metabolite thereof is disclosed herein. Y, A, and B are as described herein. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related to these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an enantioselective synthesis of (+)-trans enantiomer of pyrrolidines substituted with flavones, represented by Formula 1 or salts thereof, which are inhibitors of cyclin dependant kinases and can be used for treatment of proliferative disorders such as cancer wherein Ar has the meaning as indicated in the claims.

Abstract: A process for the manufacturing of levetiracetam, wherein said process comprises the steps of: (1) reacting the (?)-(S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetic acid with a substoichiometric amount of an activating agent in an alcoholic solvent, and (2) subjecting the resulting reaction solution of step (1) to an ammonolysis process with gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: A NK1 antagonist having the formula (I), wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are optionally substituted phenyl or heteroaryl, X1 is an ether, thio or imino linkage, R4 and R5 are not both H or alkyl, and the remaining variables are as defined in the specification, useful for treating a number of disorders, including emesis, depression, anxiety and cough. Pharmaceutical compositions. Methods of treatment and combinations with other agents are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process provided for the preparation of the (S)- and (R)- alpha- ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide of formula:(1) from (RS)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid of formula:(2) comprising: i) combining the (RS)-2 with a chiral base (resolving agent) in a resolution solvent and crystallizing from the said mixture the diastereomeric salt of (S)- or (R)-2 and chiral base; ii) regenerating (S)- or (R)-2 from the crystallized diastereomeric salt by treating with a suitable acid or acidic ion-exchange resin; iii) optionally regenerating (R)- or (S)-2 or their mixture (predominantly one enantiomer) from the crystallization mother liquor by treating with a suitable acid or acidic ion-exchange resin; iv) optionally epimerizing (RS)-2 by treating (R)- or (S)-2 or their mixture (predominantly one enantiomer) of step iii with an acid anhydride; V) optionally converting (RS)-2 of step iv into enantiomerically enriched (S)- or (R)-2 through steps i and ii; vi) formation of the mixed anhydride by reacting (R)- or (S

Abstract: A method of the invention industrially produces heterocyclic mercapto compounds useful as raw materials or intermediates in the synthesis of medicaments or pesticides, or as permanent wave agent, with a high yield and high productivity using easily available starting materials. A heterocyclic mercapto compound represented by Formula (1) (wherein X represents any structure of —O—, —S—, —NH—, and —NR1—; R1 represents any of an alkyl group, alkoxy group and alkoxyalkyl group each having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or —NR2—; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and Z1 represents a divalent organic residue having at least one mercapto group) is produced by reacting a metal sulfide or a metal hydrosulfide with a compound represented by Formula (2) (wherein X and Y are as defined in Formula (1); and Z2 represents a divalent organic residue having at least one halogen group) in the presence of a solvent at a pH of 7.0 to 11.0.

Abstract: A compound comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof is disclosed herein. Y, A, and B are as described herein. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related to these compounds are also disclosed.