Abstract: Disclosed is use of andrographolide derivative as shown by general formula 1 in manufacture of medicaments for anti-hepatitis C virus, and preventing and treating immunological liver damage caused by virus infection and different chemical liver damage.

Abstract: A process is described for producing crude maleic anhydride from a reactor effluent stream containing maleic anhydride. The reactor effluent stream is contacted with a solvent having a normal boiling point between about 250° C. and about 350° C., solubility of fumaric acid at least about 0.06 wt % at 60° C., solubility of maleic anhydride at least about 10 wt % at 60° C., solubility in water no higher than about 100 mg/L, density different from the density of water by at least about 0.020 g/mL, and water soluble hydrolysis products with molecular weight no higher than the molecular weight of pentanol. The solvent may be non-cyclic, non-aromatic, linear, and/or branched, and may have the general structure R1COOR2COOR3, wherein R1 and R3 are each linear or branched C3 to C5 groups and R2 is a linear or branched C3 to C8 group.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, and CKE have the meanings given above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides and/or fungicides. Moreover, the invention relates to selectively herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the biphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound. The present invention furthermore relates to the boosting of the action of crop protection compositions comprising in particular biphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols through the addition of ammonium or phosphium salts and optionally penetrants, to the corresponding compositions, to processes for their preparation and to their use in crop protection as insecticides and/or nematicides and/or acaricides and/or fungicides and/or for preventing unwanted plant growth.

Abstract: A method of rejuvenating aged food oils or compositions containing PUFAs or such oils by addition of ascorbyl palmitate; such rejuventated food oils and compositions as well as the use of ascorbyl palmitate in such a rejuvenating process.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process and composition for stimulating the production of hyaluronic acid. The mentioned process comprises reacting fibroblast cell with ascorbic acid derivatives. This invention provides a not only easy and un-expensive but also more efficient method for preparing safe hyaluronic acid by stimulatory in vitro.

Abstract: A process is described for producing crude maleic anhydride from a reactor effluent stream containing maleic anhydride. The reactor effluent stream is contacted with a solvent having a normal boiling point between about 250° C. and about 350° C., solubility of fumaric acid at least about 0.06 wt % at 60° C., solubility of maleic anhydride at least about 10 wt % at 60° C., solubility in water no higher than about 100 mg/L, density different from the density of water by at least about 0.020 g/mL, and water soluble hydrolysis products with molecular weight no higher than the molecular weight of pentanol. The solvent may be non-cyclic, non-aromatic, linear, and/or branched, and may have the general structure R1COOR2COOR3, wherein R1 and R3 are each linear or branched C3 to C5 groups and R2 is a linear or branched C3 to C8 group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound derived from mycelium of Antrodia camphorata. The present invention also relates to the composition or mycelium comprising the compounds of the invention. The composition of the invention decreases systolic blood pressure and increases high density lipoprotein.

Abstract: A glyceryl ascorbic acid acylated derivative or its salt, which has an ascorbic acid structure where 2- and/or 3-positions of the structure are substituted with glyceryl groups and some of the hydroxyl groups in the structure and/or in the glyceryl group are acylated, a production method of the glyceryl ascorbic acid acylated derivative and a cosmetic containing the glyceryl ascorbic acid acylated derivative or its salt are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an andrographolide derivative of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are same or different substituents selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted organic acid radicals, inorganic acid radicals, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is R-lipoic acid, S-lipoic acid or a mixture thereof, or corresponding dihydrolipoic acids thereof, or N-acetylcysteine radical. The derivative has good antitumor effect, can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, can directly kill Gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) and drug resistance bacteria (MRSA5676 and MRSA5677), can inhibit the QS-system of Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), can inhibit and destroy the formation of biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and exhibits significant hypoglycemic effect, so that it can be used in manufacture of medicaments for treatment of cancers, inflammation, diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections.

Abstract: We describe for the first time that andrographolide derivatives such as DDAG effectively reduced OVA-induced inflammatory cell recruitment into BAL fluid, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin production, serum IgE synthesis, pulmonary eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion and AHR in a mouse asthma model potentially via inhibition of NF-?B activity. Moreover, low dose of DDAG and glucocorticoid combination treatment synergistically attenuate inflammation in mouse asthma model. These findings support a therapeutic value for DDAG in the treatment of asthma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-alkyl- or 1-aryl-substituted 5-pyrazolecarboxylic acid derivatives comprising the reaction of substituted 1,3-dioxolanes and 1,4-dioxanes with alkyl- or arylhydrazines to give 1-alkyl- or 1-aryl-substituted dihydro-1H-pyrazoles, and their further reaction to give 1-alkyl- or 1-aryl-substituted 5-pyrazolecarboxylic acid derivatives, which can be used as valuable intermediates for producing insecticidally effective anthranilamides.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of alcohol and/or aldehyde groups with a peroxo compound in the presence of a heterogeneous rhenium based catalyst, and a co-catalyst. The process of the invention may, for example, be applied to the manufacture of maleic acid which can be dehydrated to lead to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is specific lactone compounds which can be used as antioxidant agents in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions or in food products, the said compounds containing a naphthalene ring onto which two lactone units are grafte.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an andrographolide derivative of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2 and R3 are same or different substituents selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted organic acid radicals, inorganic acid radicals, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, and at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is R-lipoic acid, S-lipoic acid or a mixture thereof, or corresponding dihydrolipoic acids thereof, or N-acetylcysteine radical. The derivative has good antitumor effect, can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, can directly kill Gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) and drug resistance bacteria (MRSA5676 and MRSA5677), can inhibit the QS-system of Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), can inhibit and destroy the formation of biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and exhibits significant hypoglycemic effect, so that it can be used in manufacture of medicaments for treatment of cancers, inflammation, diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections.

Abstract: 3,4-Dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-t-butyl-1-naphthalene-succinic dianhydride is provided. The tetracarboxylic dianhydride is represented by Formula 1, which is described in the specification. Further provided is a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyimide prepared using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a solvent. Further provided is a liquid crystal alignment layer formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent. The liquid crystal alignment layer exhibits excellent electro-optical properties and good processability in terms of printability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 2,4,6-phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y and CKE have the meanings given in the disclosure, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides. The invention further relates to selectively herbicidal compositions containing 2,4,6-phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols and a compound which improves crop plant tolerance.

Abstract: 1-?-halo-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose derivative of formula (I) having the 3-hydroxy group protected with a biphenylcarbonyl group is a solid which can be easily purified by a simple procedure such as recrystallization, and therefore, it can be advantageously used as an intermediate in the preparation of gemcitabine in a large scale. Further, the 1-?-halo-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose derivative of formula (I) can be prepared with high stereoselectivity using the compound of formula (V) as an intermediate.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula I, wherein A1 is O or NH; A2 is O or S; each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen, a methyl or C2-C8-saturated or mono- or doubly unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon group; and R3 is a C1-C18-saturated or mono- or doubly unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon group wherein, each of R1, R2 and R3 comprises a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O and S in the chain and/or is mono- or multiply-substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C1-C6-alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, and C1-C6-alkyl-C6-C10-aryl are useful for controlling the interaction process between microorganisms such as in the development and/or maturation of biofilms; multicellular swarm behavior; the concerted development of antibiotic resistances; the concerted synthesis of antibiotics; the concerted synthesis of pigments; the concerted production of extracellular enzymes; or the concerted production of virulence factors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of a 1,4-dialkyl-2,3-diol-1,4-butanedione by a acidic aldol condensation between an alkyl glyoxal and an ?-hydroxy ketone.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from the fruiting body of A. camphorata in a solid culture or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit immunostimulatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Also disclosed are methods of stimulating immune responses and/or treating an inflammatory disorder with these compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention describes reduced sesame seed derived pigments and methods to prepare such pigments.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical diluent and a compound of formula VI: wherein: R10=H, or C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms; R11=H3 or C]-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms; R12=H, or C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms, —C(O)R13, where R13 is H, Ci-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms, or —OH, —OR14 or —NR14, where R14 is H, C1-C20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, optionally containing halogen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel iodophenyl-substituted cyclic ketenols of the formula (I) in which CKE, J, X and Y are as defined above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides, and also to selective herbicidal compositions comprising firstly iodophenyl-substituted cyclic ketonols of the formula (I) and secondly at least one crop plant compatibility-improving compound.

Abstract: 3R-carboxylate enantiomer derivative of formula (III) can be prepared easily and selectively by the method of the present invention, and a highly pure D-erythro-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-1-oxoribose derivative can be prepared efficiently from the compound of formula (III) as an intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified colored pigment comprising a colored pigment having an attached organic group. The organic group is attached to the colored pigment via at least one carbon atom of a C—C single bond or double bond, wherein the C—C single bond or double bond is not a component of an aromatic system. The organic group further comprises at least one activating group on at least one carbon atom of the C—C single bond or double bond. A method of preparing a modified colored pigment is also disclosed, as are aqueous and non-aqueous dispersions, e.g., including ink jet inks, comprising the modified colored pigments.

Abstract: A method is described for synthesizing and administering carotenoid compounds with improved antioxidant characteristics. In some embodiments, extension or improvement of conjugation may be employed in structural modification of carotenoids. In other embodiments, reduction of ring/chain steric hindrance may improve the lambda max, and hence, the overall antioxidant capability, of particular compounds. In other embodiments, introduction and/or increase in synthetic handles for conjugation may improve the stoichiometric ratios of conjugating moieties to the polyene backbone. The methods may be used to improve natural and/or synthetic compounds for medicinal application in the treatment of disease.

Abstract: A process for preparation of gemcitabine hydrochloride and purification thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides S-(?)-tulipalin B, acetylated-S-(?)-tulipalin B and an antibacterial composition comprising the same. The active compound tulipalin B and composition of the present invention exhibit superior and stable antibacterial activity over a broad range of temperature and pH, as compared to conventional natural antibacterial agents used in related industries. Therefore, the composition and active compound of the present invention can be widely used as a natural food preservative and/or an antibacterial agent in a variety of fields such as foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fibers, livingwares, and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula I, wherein A1 is O or NH; A2 is O or S; each of R1 and R2 is independently hydrogen, a methyl or C2-C8-saturated or mono- or doubly unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon group; and R3 is a C1-C18-saturated or mono- or doubly unsaturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon group wherein, each of R1, R2 and R3 comprises a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O and S in the chain and/or is mono- or multiply-substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C1-C6-alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, and C1-C6-alkyl-C6-C10-aryl are useful for controlling the interaction process between microorganisms such as in the development and/or maturation of biofilms; multicellular swarm behavior; the concerted development of antibiotic resistances; the concerted synthesis of antibiotics; the concerted synthesis of pigments; the concerted production of extracellular enzymes; or the concerted production of virulence factors.

Abstract: A pyridazine compound represented by formula (1): has an excellent plant disease controlling effect.

Abstract: A compound of the formula wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R, Y, CA, A?, m and n each, independently of the others are as defined herein.

Abstract: A composition of L-ascorbic acid derivatives is described comprising L-ascorbic acid and lysine or lysine moieties, wherein L-ascorbic acid is covalently bound to the lysine or lysine moieties. The composition so described is used to prevent the degradation of extracellular matrix, stabilize connective tissue, is used to as an antioxidant, and is used for treating damage to skin comprising applying the topical composition to the skin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of making a negative pattern of carbon nanotubes or a polymerized carbon nanotube composite having an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) by modifying the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes with polymerizable functional groups such as oxirane and anhydride groups and subjecting the surface-modified carbon nanotubes either to a photolithography process or to a heatcuring process. By virtue of the present invention, desired patterns of carbon nanotubes can be easily made on the surfaces of various substrates, and polymerized carbon nanotube composites improved in hardening properties can be made without additional polymers.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the shelf-life of a nuclear staining solution. In particular, the present invention provides a method of adding an antioxidant to a hematoxylin staining solution which maintains the performance of the stain over its shelf-life.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved solutions comprising ascorbic acid (vitamin C). These solutions may comprise as much as 15% ascorbic acid; they are stable for at least two years, without no significant development of yellowish coloration and no substantial (not more than 10%) degradation of the vitamin. The process involves sequential additions of ascorbic acid and ethoxydiglycol to a first solution of vitamin in water, which are followed by addition of propylene glycol. The high stirring speed that occurs during the additions favors a process of micronization. Mild heating is used to achieve ascorbic acid concentrations equivalent to about 6% in 10% water or higher.

Abstract: A cubic liquid crystal composition comprising at least one amphiphilic compound having the following general formula (1) and having an IV/OV value of 0.65 to 0.95, and water or an aqueous medium: wherein R represents a hydrophilic group; X and Y each independently represent a hydrogen atom or together form an oxygen atom; n is an integer of 0 to 4; and m is an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: Novel ester compounds having formulae (1) to (4) wherein A1 is a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond, A2 is oxygen, methylene or ethylene, R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, R2 is H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, any pair of R1 and/or R2 may form an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring, R3 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and n is 0 to 6 are polymerizable into polymers. Resist compositions comprising the polymers as a base resin are thermally stable and sensitive to high-energy radiation, have excellent sensitivity and resolution, and lend themselves to micropatterning with electron beam or deep-UV.

Abstract: This invention features a compound having the formula: X is O or NR1; and each of Y and Z, independently, is in which each of R1, R2, R3, and R4, independently, is alkyl, cyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; Ar1 is aralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; and Ar2 is cyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or Ar1 and Ar2 taken together is heterocyclyl, aralkyl, or heteroaryl. This compound can be used as a red light emitting material in an electro-luminescence device.

Abstract: The invention relates to photoisomerizable compounds of formula I wherein A, Z, L, R, R1, k, m and r are defined herein.

Abstract: There are described benzoylcyclohexanediones of the formula I, their preparation, and their use as herbicides and plant growth regulators. In this formula (I), C1, C2, C3 are cyclic radicals, X1 is a hetero atom, X2 is a chain of carbon atoms, L is a chain-like element, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are various radicals, and Y and Z are monoatomic bridge elements.

Abstract: This invention features a compound having the formula: 1

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an optically active hemiester of formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and R5 represent the same meanings as described below, which comprises reacting a cyclic acid anhydride of formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 are different and independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted with an alkoxy group or a halogen atom, and the like, with a hydroxy compound of formula (3): R3OH  (3) wherein R3 represents an alkyl group optionally substituted with an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, a dialkylamino group or a halogen atom and the like, in the presence of an asymmetric catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to new phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which Het represents one of the groups wherein A, B, D, G, X, Y and Z have the meaning given in the description, several processes and intermediate products for their preparation and their use as pest control agents and herbicides.

Abstract: A novel esterification process of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid is provided to obtain an improve degree of esterification. According to the process, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid anhydrous crystals are formed from its monohydrate crystals in water-soluble alcohol solvent. The anhydrous 2-keto-L-gulonic acid is esterified with lower alcohol to obtain a lower alkyl ester of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. The resultant ester is lactonized to obtain a metal L-ascorbate.

Abstract: Biocatalysis is used to prepare 4-hydroxy-3[2H]-furanones from substituted benzenes. A substituted benzene is enzymatically oxidized to form a diol-diene compound, which is then oxidized and cyclized to form a 4-hydroxy-3[2H]-furanone. Dioxygenases are used to perform the enzymatic oxidation. In addition, methods of obtaining improved dioxygenases are provided. Compositions including one or more of the intermediate compounds in the biocatalysis method, the resulting 4-hydroxy-3[2H]-furanone compounds, and improved enzymes are also provided.

Abstract: L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate zinc salt and a salt hydrate thereof having excellent solubility and exhibiting good stability even under weakly acidic conditions. Also disclosed is a process of manufacturing L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate zinc salt by displacing a cation of a salt of an L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate other than a zinc salt with a zinc cation. Further disclosed is a composition containing L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate zinc salt or a salt hydrate thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds of the formula (I) in which X represents halogen, Y represents halogen or alkyl and Z represents halogen or alkyl, with the proviso that always one of the radicals Y and Z represents halogen while the other represents alkyl, and Het represents one of the groups  in which A, B, D and G have the meanings given in the description, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: A novel ascorbic acid derivative having both sufficiently improved stability and liposolubility, and facilitated cellular uptake. Also disclosed is a process for producing the derivative and a composition capable of effectively providing the action of vitamin C, for use in medical preparations, agricultural chemicals, animal drugs, foods, feeds or cosmetic preparations. The ascorbic acid derivative is a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R represents an acyl group having eleven or more carbon atoms and n is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: This application discloses novel tetronic acids for the treatment of AIDS and other diseases caused by retroviruses.