Abstract: A method is for the preparation of furoic acid or of one of its derivatives of formula (I): in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl group, a —C(?O)—H group or a —COOH group, by heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of furfural or a derivative thereof of formula (II). The oxidation is carried out in the presence of a supported catalyst based on gold nanoparticles, and in a non-alkaline aqueous medium. A composition useful in the method includes at least furfural and supported gold nanoparticles.

Abstract: Compounds derived from biomass, e.g., cellulose and lignins, methods of forming such compounds and polymers and products formed using such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of method of synthesizing 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and FDCA precursor molecules. The methods involve performing a chemical dehydration reaction on a gluconic acid derivative in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. In some embodiments the gluconic acid derivative can be 2-dehydro-3-deoxy gluconic acid (DHG) or an ester thereof, 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGA) or an ester thereof, and 5-ketogluconic acid (5KGA) or an ester thereof. The 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid precursor molecule is thereby synthesized, which can be converted into FDCA. The chemical dehydration can be performed by a variety of acid basic catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an ester having formula R—COO—R? (I), wherein R represents a group selected from: (i) a linear or branched alkyl, containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, (ii) an aryl containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, (iii) a heterocycle with 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, P and S, R? represents a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said process comprising at least a phase of reacting a reaction mixture comprising at least one aldehyde having formula R—CHO (II), wherein R has the meanings defined above, and at least one alcohol having general formula R?—OH (III), wherein R? has the meanings defined above, in the presence of at least one solid basic catalyst, at a temperature within the range of 120° C.-300° C., obtaining said ester having formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and apparatuses for the synthesis of 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF) from saccharides in pure or crude form, the method comprising: (a) continuously contacting saccharides in pure or crude form, hydrochloric acid, and an organic solvent, by way of a continuous, biphasic-flow reactor assembly at a temperature from about 60 degrees C. to about 200 degrees C. and pressures from about 1 atmosphere to about 20 atmospheres, such that CMF is produced; (b) separating 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde by liquid/liquid and solid/liquid phase separation; (c) producing at least five kilograms per day with at least 50% yield. Embodiments of the present invention can produce CMF in a continuous fashion, with high yield and without degradation of CMF to such side products as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), 2-(2-hydroxyacetyl)furan (HAF) and levulinic acid (LA).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid by subjecting 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to oxidation reaction in the presence of water, oxygen and an activated carbon-supported metal catalyst containing a noble metal, the process including the following steps (1) and (2) in which the steps (1) and (2) are carried out under a pressure of not less than 0.1 MPa and less than 1.0 MPa while maintaining a reaction solution at a pH of not more than 7, and an amount of the oxygen fed until a time at which the step (2) is terminated is not less than 120 mol % and not more than 140 mol % on the basis of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural charged: step (1): conducting the oxidation reaction at a temperature of not lower than 50° C. and not higher than 110° C.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid through the oxidation of -hydroxymethylfurfural in a flow of oxygenor a compound containing oxygen, catalyzed by a supported catalyst containing a metal of the platinum group, carried out in aqueous solution in which the pH is maintained higher than 7 and lower than 12 through the addition of a weak base.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, including ester, amide, and thioester derivatives of such from 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF). The molecules so prepared are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance molecules; as well as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I?; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, X and n are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of, in an eco-friendly manner, preparing a furfuranol-based compound and a 2-furancarboxylic acid-based compound using an ionic liquid as a reaction solvent, which includes reacting a furfural-based compound with a hydroxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal using an ionic liquid as the solvent, thus obtaining a furfuranol-based compound and a 2-furancarboxylic acid-based compound, and in which water is not used as the reaction solvent, thus preventing the generation of reaction wastewater, and the ionic liquid used as the solvent can be easily recovered and reused.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound of the formula Therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments, related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are methods of producing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from renewable sources such as seaweed, alginate, oligoalginate, pectin, oligopectin, polygalacturonate, galacturonate, and/or oligogalacturonate. The sugars in the renewable sources can be converted into one or more intermediates such as 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEHU), 4-deoxy-L-threo-5-hexosulose uronate (DTHU), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), 2,5-dihydroxymethyl furan (DHMF), and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), which can be converted into FDCA by dehydration and cyclization to produce 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFA), followed by oxidation to produce FDCA. DEHU or DTHU may also be converted into FDCA by oxidation to produce 2,3-dihydroxy-5-oxohexanedioic acid (DOHA), which then undergoes dehydration and cyclization to produce FDCA.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, including ester, amide, and thioester derivatives of such from 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF). The molecules so prepared are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance molecules; as well as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, including ester, amide, and thioester derivatives of such from 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF). The molecules so prepared are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance molecules; as well as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: Described herein are biobased plasticizer compositions comprising a compound having the structure of Formula I: wherein R is C6-C1 alkyl; along with methods of making and using same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blood glucose elevation inhibitor having a serine protease inhibitory action, which is a novel therapeutic or prophylactic agent for obesity. A compound represented by the following formula (I) wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of, in an eco-friendly manner, preparing a furfuranol-based compound and a 2-furancarboxylic acid-based compound using an ionic liquid as a reaction solvent, which includes reacting a furfural-based compound with a hydroxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal using an ionic liquid as the solvent, thus obtaining a furfuranol-based compound and a 2-furancarboxylic acid-based compound, and in which water is not used as the reaction solvent, thus preventing the generation of reaction wastewater, and the ionic liquid used as the solvent can be easily recovered and reused.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula (I), wherein Z, m and R1-R6 are as described herein, as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors particularly the ?7 subtype, in a subject in need thereof, as well as analogues, prodrugs, isotopically substituted analogs, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, polymorphs, solvates, isomers, clathrates, and co-crystal thereof, for use either alone or in combinations with suitable other medicaments, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and analogues. Also disclosed are a process of preparation of the compounds and the intended uses thereof in therapy, particularly in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, senile dementia, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of 5-methyl-2-furoic acid, including ester, amide, and thioester derivatives of such from 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF). The molecules so prepared are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical, food, and fragrance molecules; as well as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: A biobased plasticizer and a surface covering are disclosed. The biobased plasticizer includes an ester formed as a reaction product of a furan derivative selected from the group consisting of furoic acid, furfural and furfuryl alcohol reacted with a carboxylic acid or an alcohol, or includes an ester formed as a reaction product of a biobased aromatic compound and a biobased aliphatic compound. The surface covering is plasticized with a composition comprising an ester formed as a reaction product of a functionalized aromatic heterocyclic compound reacted with a carboxylic acid or an alcohol.

Abstract: A process for reducing the particle size of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) while maintaining its polymorphic form, comprises the step of processing the active pharmaceutical ingredient by cavitation at elevated pressure. The process preferably comprises the step of isolating the processed active ingredient in the form of powder, wherein the isolation step comprises filtration or spray drying. Particles produced by the process of the invention typically have a span value of less than 2.5.

Abstract: The invention provides for new flame retardant non-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) based polyols; oligomers and polymers made from these new polyols with flame retardation properties; and methods of using them as a part or all of the flame retardation composition/material, such as foams and binders.

Abstract: The use of a complex of the form Z—M—OR in the carboxylation of a substrate is described. The group Z is a two-electron donor ligand, M is a metal and OR is selected from the group consisting of OH, alkoxy and aryloxy. The substrate may be carboxylated at a C—H or N—H bond. The metal M may be copper, silver or gold. The two-electron donor ligand may be a phosphine, a carbene or a phosphite ligand. Also described are methods of manufacture of the complexes and methods for preparing isotopically labelled caboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: Described are processes for the preparation of monofluoromethylated organic biologically active compounds, such as Fluticasone Propionate and Fluticasone Furoate, in the presence of fluorodecarboxylating reagents such as XeF2 and BrF3.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of the formula or salts or bioisosteres thereof. Therapeutic methods, medicaments, and compositions related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids using CO2.

Abstract: Accordingly, the current invention provides a method for the manufacture of an ether or ester of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural by reacting a hexose-containing starting material or HMF with an alcohol or an organic acid dissolved into an ionic liquid, using a metal chloride as catalyst.

Abstract: Methods of producing organic materials, and in particular methods of producing petroleum materials and organic compounds such as aromatic acids, phenols, and aliphatic poly-carboxylic acids using an oxidative hydrothermal dissolution (OHD) process are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds represented by formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the description, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful as hyperglycemic inhibitors having a serine protease inhibitory action and as prophylactic or therapeutic drugs for diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I?; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, X and n are defined herein. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the invention, and its therapeutic uses. The present invention further provides a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof are disclosed, wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond; and, wherein Y, A, R, D, and n are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel ligand compounds having the structural formula (I): in which: Ar is a radical selected from among the radicals of formulae (a)-(c) below: are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions suited for administration in human or veterinary medicine, or, alternatively into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexyl-1,4-diamine compounds corresponding to formula I, processes for the production thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, methods of producing pharmaceutical compositions including these compounds and related methods of treating or inhibiting certain diseases or conditions.

Abstract: Chiral liquid crystal compounds of the general formula (1): in which at least one of R1 and R2 is a chiral substituent, K may be a single bond or the same as K1-5 and K1-5 denote a six-membered ring system which rings may be at least partially unsaturated, wherein the number of atoms in these rings or ring systems between the two atoms forming a part of the link to the next ring, or to one of the substituents R1 and R2, does not differ by more than one if counted in the clockwise, and in the counter-clockwise sense, starting from the same atom in each case, X1-20 denote alkyl, or alkoxy, or fluorinated alkyl, or fluorinated alkoxy groups, or atom H, or halogen atoms, mixtures comprising such chiral liquid crystal compounds, and liquid crystal displays comprising such mixtures as active ingredients

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof are disclosed, wherein a dashed line represents the presence or absence of a bond; and, wherein Y, A, R, D, and n are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of alcohol and/or aldehyde groups with a peroxo compound in the presence of a heterogeneous rhenium based catalyst, and a co-catalyst. The process of the invention may, for example, be applied to the manufacture of maleic acid which can be dehydrated to lead to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Compounds comprising Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are disclosed, wherein J1, J2, U1, B, Y, and A are as described in claims 1-16. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed, for treating glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease and baldness.

Abstract: The disclosures herein relate generally to acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of making prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, methods of using prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating or preventing common diseases and/or disorders such as spasticity and/or acid reflux disease. The disclosures herein also relate to acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs of (±)-4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid and analogs thereof which are suitable for oral administration and to sustained release oral dosage forms thereof.

Abstract: Novel ligand compounds having the structural formula (I): in which: Ar is a radical selected from among the radical of formulae (a) to (c) below: are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions suited for administration in human or veterinary medicine, or, alternatively, into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: PROBLEM To provide an environmentally-friendly method for producing industrially an ester compound. SOLUTION The present invention is a method for producing an ester compound which comprises subjecting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to dehydration-condensation reaction using an involatile acid catalyst and then removing the residual acid catalyst by bringing a weak basic substance into contact with the residual acid catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of aminoazoline and urea derivatives for com-bating animal pests. The invention also relates to a method for controlling animal pests by using these compounds, to seed and to an agricultural and veterinary composition comprising said compounds and to specific azoline and urea derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds that are useful as immunosuppressive agents and for treating and preventing inflammatory conditions, allergic disorders, and immune disorders.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of formulae I and II: that are monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, which can be useful in treating obesity, diabetes, and/or cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemias, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance).

Abstract: A method of oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) includes providing a starting material which includes HMF in a solvent comprising water into a reactor. At least one of air and O2 is provided into the reactor. The starting material is contacted with the catalyst comprising Pt on a support material where the contacting is conducted at a reactor temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. A method of producing an oxidation catalyst where ZrO2 is provided and is calcined. The ZrO2 is mixed with platinum (II) acetylacetonate to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to rotary evaporation to form a product. The product is calcined and reduced under hydrogen to form an activated product. The activated product is passivated under a flow of 2% O2.

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, are disclosed, wherein J1, J2, U1, B, Y, and A are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound of the formula (I). Therapeutic methods, compositions, and medicaments, related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel aromatic heterocyclic carboxylic acid amide derivatives of formula (I) that are found to be potent modulators of potassium channels and, as such, are valuable candidates for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those which are responsive to the modulation of potassium channels.

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, are disclosed, wherein Y, A, and B are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) includes providing a starting material which includes HMF in a solvent comprising water into a reactor. At least one of air and O2 is provided into the reactor. The starting material is contacted with the catalyst comprising Pt on a support material where the contacting is conducted at a reactor temperature of from about 50° C. to about 200° C. A method of producing an oxidation catalyst where ZrO2 is provided and is calcined. The ZrO2 is mixed with platinum (II) acetylacetonate to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to rotary evaporation to form a product. The product is calcined and reduced under hydrogen to form an activated product. The activated product is passivated under a flow of 2% O2.