Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by expoxidation of an olefin compound with good productivity wherein a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the coexistence of (a) a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond, (b) a hydrogen peroxide solution, (c) a powdered solid catalyst support and (d) a powdered catalyst and optionally (e) an organic solvent, the total mass of (c) and (d) being 100 percent by mass or less on the basis of the total mass of (a), (b) and (e).

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are useful in treating conditions or disorders prevented by or ameliorated by histamine-3 receptor ligands. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the histamine-3 receptor ligands, methods for using such compounds and compositions, and a process for preparing compounds within the scope of formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I), which process comprises a) reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein X is chloro or bromo, with an organometallic species in an inert atmosphere to a halobenzyne of formula (X), reacting the halobenzyne of formula X so formed with cyclopentadiene to (III), b) reacting III in the presence of an inert solvent with an oxidant to (IV), c) reacting IV in the presence of a Lewis acid and a hydride source to (V), d) reacting V in the presence of an oxidizing agent, a base and an inert solvent to (VI), e) converting VI in the presence of a phosphane and CCl4 or CHCl3 to (VII), and either f1) reacting VII with NH3 in the presence of a catalyst to the compound of formula (VIII); and g) reacting VIII in the presence of a base with a compound of formula (IX), to the compound of formula (I); or f2) reacting the compound of formula (VII), in the presence of a solvent, a base, a copper catalyst and at least one ligand with the compound

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of formula (I), which process comprises a) reacting the compound (II), with cyclopentadiene to (III); b) reacting this compound in the presence of an oxidant to the compound of formula (IV); c) hydrogenating this compound in the presence of a metal catalyst and an inert solvent under hydrogen atmosphere to the compound of formula (V); d) reacting this compound in the presence of a Brönsted acid followed by a reducing agent to the compound of formula (VI); e) reacting VI with a compound (VII), in the presence of a base to a compound of formula (VIII); f) converting the compound of formula VIII in the presence of an oxidising agent to the compound of formula (IX); and g) reacting the compound of formula IX in the presence of triphenylphosphane/carbon tetrachloride or triphenylphosphane/bromotrichloromethane to the compound of formula I.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of the compound of formula (I), which process comprises a) reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein X is chloro or bromo, with an organometallic species in an inert atmosphere to a halobenzyne of formula (X), reacting the halobenzyne of formula X so formed with cyclopentadiene to (III), b) reacting III in the presence of an inert solvent with an oxidant to (IV), c) reacing IV in the presence of a Lewis acid and a hydride source to (V), d) reacting V in the presence of an oxidizing agent, a base and an inert solvent to (VI), e) converting VI in the presence of a phosphane and CCL4 or CHCl3 to (VII), and either f1) reacting VII with NH3 in the presence of a catalyst to the compound of formula (VIII); and g) reacting VIII in the presence of a base with a compound of formula (IX), to the compound of formula (I); or f2) reacting the compound of formula (VII), in the presence of a solvent, a base, a copper catalyst and at least one ligand with the compound

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and obesity comprising a sesquiterpene derivative as an active ingredient. The sesquiterpene derivatives of the present invention leads to decrease in body fat weight, visceral fat weight and total cholesterol levels, triglyceride of plasma and liver tissue, blood glucose and blood insulin levels in a fast state, finally exhibiting efficacies on prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel substituted unsaturated tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives with binding affinities towards serotonine receptors, in particular 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, and towards dopamine receptors, in particular dopamine D2 receptors and with norepinephrine reuptake inhibition properties, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds according to the invention, the use thereof as a medicine, in particular for the prevention and/or treatment of a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders, in particular certain psychotic, cardiovascular and gastrokinetic disorders and processes for their production. The compounds according to the invention can be represented by general Formula (I) and comprises also the pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base addition salts thereof, the stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, the N-oxide form thereof and prodrugs thereof, wherein all substituents are defined as in claim 1.

Abstract: There is provided a composition for forming a resist underlayer film that the adhesion with a resist applied on the resist underlayer film is enhanced and the collapse of a resist pattern is suppressed. A resist underlayer film-forming composition for lithography comprising: a polymer having silicon atoms in the backbone; a compound of a polycyclic structure; and an organic solvent, wherein the compound of a polycyclic structure has at least two carboxyl groups as substituents; the two carboxyl groups are individually bonded to two carbon atoms adjacent to each other forming the polycyclic structure; and the two carboxyl groups both have an endo configuration or an exo configuration, or have a cis configuration.

Abstract: Novel diterpene compounds, in particular, hypoestoxide-related compounds, are provided in pure form or as contained in the native plant source, for treatment and prophylaxis of cancer, inflammatory diseases, hyperlipidemias, malaria, and diabetes mellitus. Embodiments also pertain to methods for using the hypoestoxide-related compounds to treat various diseases and symptoms associated with those diseases.

Abstract: Ester prodrugs of phorbol compounds for the treatment of viral infections, neoplastic diseases, inflammatory reactions, and use as analgesics, wherein the phorbol compounds are derivatized with a -x-o-c(o)-R? group linked to the 6-carbon of the phorbol residue.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermosetting resin compositions useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as CSPs, BGAs, LGAs and the like, each of which having a semiconductor chip, such as LSI, on a carrier substrate. The compositions of this invention are reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermosetting resin compositions useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as CSPs, BGAs, LGAs and the like, each of which having a semiconductor chip, such as LSI, on a carrier substrate. The compositions of this invention are reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an epoxy resin composition a cure article thereof, a novel epoxy resin used therein, a polyhydric phenol compound suited for used as an intermediate thereof, and a process for preparing the same. One of the objects to be achieved by the present invention is to exert the heat resistance, the moisture resistance, the dielectric performances and the flame-resistant effect required of electric or electronic materials such as semiconductor encapsulating materials and varnishes for circuit boards in the epoxy resin composition.

Abstract: Incubations with Nocardia sp., NRRL 5646 were conducted to produce new derivatives of the abietane-diterpene chemoprotectant and antioxidant, carnosic acid. Reduction of the C-20 carboxylic acid functional group followed by methylation at the C-12 phenol afforded the novel compound 11,20-dihydroxy-12-methoxy-abiet-8,11,13-triene. Oxidative cyclization of carnosic acid to carnosol followed by dihydroxylation at the isopropyl moiety afforded the novel compound 11,12,16,17-tetrahydroxy-7-10-(epoxymethano)-abiet-8,11,13-triene-20-one. The metabolites are new carnosic acid derivatives whose structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The radical quenching properties of the new metabolites using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging assay showed activities improved over that of mixed tocopherols and carnosic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tetramethylbiphenyl type high performance epoxy resin composition and a curable epoxy resin composition containing the epoxy resin, useful in electrical and electronic fields and the like. The tetramethylbiphenyl type epoxy resin composition comprises an epoxy resin composition obtained by reacting 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbiphenyl and an epihalohydrin in the presence of an alkali metal compound. The composition has a content of tetramethyldiphenoquinone of 0.5% by weight or less and a content of a glycidyl compound represented by the following structural formula (1): of 0.5% by weight or less. The curable epoxy resin composition contains the epoxy resin composition and a hardener for the epoxy resin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of high purity flumethasone in high yield involves C3 protecting 9,11&bgr;-epoxy-17&agr;,21-dihydroxy-16&agr;-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,21-acetate, fluorinating at 6&agr;, removing the C3 protecting group, fluorinating the 9,11-epoxy group. The resulting flumethasone 21-acetate is treated with the methanolic potassium hydroxide in the presence of an oxidation agent, causing a simultaneous hydrolyzation and degradative oxidation, resulting in the formation of 6&agr;,9&agr;-difluoro-11&bgr;,17&agr;-dihydroxy-16&agr;-methyl-17&bgr;-carboxy-androsta-1,4-diene-3-one in high yield. Flumethasone 21-acetate is alternatively hydrolyzed to yield flumethasone free alcohol.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there are provided cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds and thermosetting resin compositions prepared therefrom. Inventive compounds are based on polycyclic hydrocarbon backbones, as illustrated by the following exemplary structure: wherein: each R is independently lower alkyl or halogen, n′″ is 1 up to about 8, and each x is independently 0, 1, or 2. Inventive compounds provide resins with desirable characteristics such as, for example, hydrophobicity, high Tg values, ionic purity, hydrolytic stability, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as monomers in photopolymerizable compositions. Also disclosed are methods of polymerizing these monomers, and polymers produced thereby.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the growth of lentiviruses and Herpetoviridae viruses, including HIV-1 and HSV-1, -2, respectively, in subjects, comprising administering to a subject in need of antiviral therapy a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula ##STR1## where: R is(i) H, PO.sub.3.sup..dbd., alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms substituted or unsubstituted, straight chain or branched, 0 to 6 double bonds, (CH.sub.2).sub.n morpholine where n=1-4, morpholinomethylphenyl, orthoaminophenyl, orthohydroxyphenyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.n COOR.sub.2 where n=1-4where R.sub.2 is H, an alkalai metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, NH.sub.4.sup..dbd., N.sup.+ (R.sub.3).sub.4where R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or(ii) COR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of H, (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.3, where n=0-6, (CH.sub.2).sub.n COOR.sub.2 where n=1-4 and R.sub.2 is previously defined, (CH.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compound having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 0 to 1; when n is 1, one of dashed lines a and b is a single bond and the other of dashed lines a and b is a double bond, dashed line c is not present, and dashed line d is a single bond; when n is 0, dashed lines a, b, c and d are single bonds or one of dashed lines a and b is a single bond and the other of dashed lines a and b is a double bond, dashed line c is not present, and dashed line d is a double bond; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 ; and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5, or C(O)R.sub.5, wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or lower branched or straight chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is less than or equal to eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel (meth)acrylates containing urethane groups Novel (meth)acrylates which also contain urethane groups and other polymerizable groups in one and the same molecule and can be polymerized either by means of free radicals and/or cationically are used for the production of coatings, adhesives, photoresists, solder masks or in stereolithography. The mouldings produced therefrom contain a coherent, homogeneous network and have high strength properties, in particular mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides special epoxy derivative (1), cyclohexanone derivative (2), cyclohexenone derivative (3) and 3-substituted cyclohexenone derivative (4) which are useful as intermediates for synthesizing physiologically active materials, and a method for stereoselectively introducing substituted groups. Further, the present invention provides a method for synthesizing optically active compounds, such as optically active carvone via these intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention is an oxidative process for the conversion of 21-unsaturated progesterones (I) ##STR1## to the corresponding 3,5-secoandrost-5-one-3,17.beta.-dioic acids (II) ##STR2## by use of either ozone or an oxidizing agent, which are useful intermediates in the production of .DELTA..sup.5 -4-aza-17-carbonyl steroids (III) which are useful in production of 5.alpha.-4-aza amide (IV) pharmaceuticals. Also disclosed are the novel 21-unsaturated progesterones (I-C) and 3,5-secoandrost-5-one-3,17.beta.-dioic acids (II-C).

Abstract: A series of dihydrophenanthreneones and tetrahydrophenanthreneones are useful as inhibitors of 5.alpha.-reductase, and a series of hexahydrophenanthreneones are useful as intermediates for preparing such pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Unsaturated cycloaliphatic esters like higher hydrocarbyl, functionally substituted or polyunsaturated cyclohex-3-ene carboxylates, made directly by cycloaddition of dienes with dienophillic (meth/eth)acrylates, and their derivatives like epoxides and urethanes, provide useful thermal and radiation curable coatings, inks, sealants, adhesives, solvents, acid scavengers, and intermediates for other uses.

Abstract: 13-alkyl-11.beta.-phenyl-gonanes of general formula I ##STR1## wherein A and B together stand for an oxygen atom, a CH.sub.2 group or a second bond between carbon atoms 9 and 10,X is an oxygen atom or the hydroxyimino grouping N.about.OH,R.sub.1 is a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical with up to 8 carbon atoms, which contains the grouping ##STR2## with X as described above, R.sub.2 is a methyl or ethyl radical in the .alpha. or .beta. position,R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 each stand for a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy or acyloxy group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms respectively or a halogen atom and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 have a variety of meanings, have antigestagenic and antiglucocorticoid effects.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel taxols useful as a chemotherapeutic agent. Moreover, the present invention is directed to the process of preparing taxols and various intermediates in said process. A key intermediate is this process is 2,5-dihydroxy-2-patchoulenes. Therefore the present invention is also related to said intermediate and the process for its preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel mono-functional and bis-functional anthraquinone-(oxy-2,3-oxido-propanes) and to a process for their preparation. The compounds according to the invention are useful as intermediates in the preparation of drugs possessing a .beta.-receptor blocker action and as crosslinking agents in the preparation of polymers, and moreover exhibit cytostatic activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for epoxidizing an olefinic double bond in an olefinically-unsaturated compound by contact of a liquid phase mixture containing the olefinically-unsaturated compound, an aldehyde having at least two carbon atoms and a suitable solvent with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst which is soluble in the reaction mixture and which comprises a praseodymium compound. The process has particularly advantageous application to oxidation of aldrin to dieldrin.

Abstract: Mixtures of new dimethyl-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]decane derivatives, notably the primary isomers of the common formula A, whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 mean either methyl group or hydrogen, one of the substituents being a methyl group and the other hydrogen,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 mean either methyl group or hydrogen, one of the substituents being a methyl group and the other hydrogen, andX indicates the .pi.-system of a C-C double bond or an epoxide system, can advantageously be used as new acent- and flavor materials.The compounds of the common formula A, were prepared by hydrogenation of dimeric methylcyclopentadiene selectively in the norbornane part and when desired by epoxidation of the remaining double bond.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of quinone derivatives which are suitable as intermediates for the manufacture of (2RS,4'R,8'R)-tocopherol is described. In this process a quinone of the formula ##STR1## is reacted with a phytyl derivative of the formula ##STR2## If desired, the thus-obtained compound of the formula ##STR3## is subsequently converted into the compound of the formula ##STR4## and, if desired, this compound is converted into the compound of the formula ##STR5## The compound of formula V is known and can be converted into (2RS,4'R,8'R)-tocopherol in a known manner.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of quinone derivatives which are suitable as intermediates for the manufacture of (2RS,4'R,8'R)-tocopherol is described.