Abstract: The invention relates to a compound chosen from the compounds of formula (I) below, the optical and geometrical isomers thereof and the tautomers thereof, and also the addition salts thereof with an acid or a base, and the solvates thereof: (I). The invention also relates to the use of these particular compounds and the compositions for dyeing keratin fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preparation method thereof, and use thereof in preventing or treating fatty liver or in preparing pharmaceuticals for weight loss.

Abstract: New polymorphic form of a long-acting beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist A new polymorphic form of arformoterol tartrate, designated as form D, is provided and which is characterised by at least one of the following: (i) a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at approximately 6.8, 13.3, 13.6, 3.8, 14.1, 18.2, 18.7, 20.0±0.2 degrees two theta; or (ii) a DSC thermogram showing an endothermic peak with an onset at approximately 19-120° C., and a maximum at approximately 129-131° C., followed by an exothermic peak with a maximum at approximately 137-138° C.; wherein the DSC thermogram of form D has a further endothermic peak with an onset at approximately 168-170° C.1 Processes for preparing the new polymorphic form, uses thereof and intermediates for the preparation thereof, are also provided.

Abstract: A layer of a metal selected from titanium, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, arsenic, aluminum and gallium, an oxide of the metal, a nitride of the metal, silicon nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, or an alloy of these metals, the layer being provided on an underlying base material selected from glass, silicon, copper and nickel, is selectively etched with an alkaline etching solution containing a predefined complexing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sodium chloride composition comprising an iron complex of tartaric acid wherein between 55 and 90% by weight of the tartaric acid is meso-tartaric acid. The present invention furthermore relates to a process to prepare such a sodium chloride composition and to the use of such a sodium chloride composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing 7-halo-2-oxoheptylate, an intermediate of cilastatin. The main steps are as follows: A. Addition reaction, in which 6-halo-hexanal is reacted with a cyanide to obtain 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptonitrile; B. Hydrolysis reaction, in which 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptonitrile is converted to 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylic acid; C. Esterification reaction, in which 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylic acid is converted to 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylate; and D. Oxidation reaction, in which 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylate is converted to 7-halo-2-oxoheptylate. 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylic acid or ester thereof, which is a new intermediate for synthesizing 7-halo-2-oxoheptylate or cilastatin, and a method for synthesizing cilastatin are also disclosed. The methods of the invention are suitable for commercial production because of their simple process and mild reaction condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to salts, polymorphs and hydrates of 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-C2-20-alkyl-phenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol, and to the use thereof, in particular in the treatment or prevention of various autoimmune conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a composition comprising tartaric acid wherein between 55 and 90% by weight of the tartaric acid is meso-tartaric acid, comprising the steps of (i) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising between 35 and 65% by weight of a di-alkali metal salt of L-tartaric acid, a di-alkali metal salt of D-tartaric acid, a mixture of di-alkali metal salts of L-tartaric acid, D-tartaric acid, and optionally meso-tartaric acid, and between 2 and 15% by weight of an alkali metal or alkaline metal hydroxide, and (ii) stirring and heating the aqueous mixture to a temperature of between 100° C. and its boiling point until between 55 and 90% by weight of tartaric acid has been converted to meso-tartaric acid.

Abstract: A method for treating in an industrial water treatment system for at least two of metal corrosion inhibition, scale inhibition, suspended matter dispersion, biocide efficacy, or biofilm removal/biofilm dispersion is taught by the use of at least one compound which is a salt derived from a thioamine or an oxyamine and an acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to salts, polymorphs and hydrates of 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-C2-20-alkyl-phenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol, and to the use thereof, in particular in the treatment or prevention of various autoimmune conditions.

Abstract: Salts of kukoamine B, their preparation method and their pharmaceutical use in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating sepsis. Experiments indicate that salts of kukoamine B have a good effect on antagonizing the key factors inducing sepsis, and can be used in the preparation of drugs for preventing and treating sepsis. Under the current circumstances of the lack of effective measures for the treatment of sepsis in clinical practice, the medicinal formulations, which comprise the salts of kukoamine B, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent, provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of sepsis.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of an alpha-amino beta-hydroxy acid of Formula 1 wherein the variables R1, R?1 and R2 are defined herein and the compound of Formula 1 has an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 55% or greater.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel solid state forms of tapentadol salts, process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and method of treating thereof. The tapentadol salts include an L-(?)-camphorsulfonate salt, a dibenzoyl-(L)-tartrate salt, a dibenzoyl-(D)-tartrate salt, a malate salt, a maleate salt, or a salicylate salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions, in particular for intravenous administration, containing choline or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or analogues thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, in particular for intravenous administration, containing choline or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or analogues thereof, alone or in combination with vitamin C and/or L-arginine and/or vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) for use in the fight against CTCs, DTCs or dysfunctional leukocyte precursors in the blood or bone marrow.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of radical traps in detergents and cleaners in order to improve cleaning performance, in particular for dirt containing polymerizable dyes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a composition comprising tartaric acid wherein between 55 and 90% by weight of the tartaric acid is meso-tartaric acid, comprising the steps of (i) preparing an aqueous mixture comprising between 35 and 65% by weight of a di-alkali metal salt of L-tartaric acid, a di-alkali metal salt of D-tartaric acid, a mixture of di-alkali metal salts of L-tartaric acid, D-tartaric acid, and optionally meso-tartaric acid, and between 2 and 15% by weight of an alkali metal or alkaline metal hydroxide, and (ii) stirring and heating the aqueous mixture to a temperature of between 100° C. and its boiling point until between 55 and 90% by weight of tartaric acid has been converted to meso-tartaric acid.

Abstract: A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

Abstract: Provided herein is a highly pure arformoterol tartrate or an amorphous form thereof substantially free of desformyl impurity, 2-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(1R)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino]ethyl]aniline, process for the preparation thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the highly pure arformoterol tartrate substantially free of the desformyl impurity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to salts, polymorphs and hydrates of 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-C2-20-alkyl-phenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol, and to the use thereof, in particular in the treatment or prevention of various autoimmune conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of microorganism cell culture. It devises a cell culture medium for and a method of culturing microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales, especially for the production of omega-3-fatty acids. Furthermore it devises the use of ammonium tartrate as nitrogen source for the cultivation of micro-organisms of the order Thraustochytriales.

Abstract: The present invention provides crystalline and amorphous salts of O-desmethylvenlafaxine and processes for preparing said salts of O-desmethylvenlafaxine. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising said salts of O-desmethylvenlafaxine.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel and stable amorphous form of arformoterol L-(+)-tartrate, a process for its preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising amorphous arformoterol L-(+)-tartrate, and methods of treating with amorphous arformoterol L-(+)-tartrade.

Abstract: Processes are described for the production of an isolated medicinal composition for administration to mammals which comprises an effective amount of a free acid, salt or chelate of at least one naturally occurring form of an alpha hydroxyl organic acid comprising combining at least one naturally occurring form of an alpha hydroxy organic acid with an amount of base in an aqueous solution, wherein a total content of alpha hydroxyl organic acids amounts to between about 0.5% and about 35% w/w of the solution, for a time to hydrolyse substantially all forms of alpha hydroxyl organic acids present, neutralizing the solution to a pH between about 6.9 and about 7.6 to yield a free acid, salt or chelate of free acids of substantially all naturally occurring forms of alpha hydroxyl organic acids, and optionally lyophilizing the solution to produce an isolated medicinal composition. Compositions produced by these processes are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

Abstract: By using protonic acids, diesters of dicarbonic acid may be stabilized against thermal and chemical decomposition over a relatively long period. Mixtures of diesters of dicarbonic acid and protonic acids are outstandingly suitable for preserving foods.

Abstract: When a salt of an amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid, or a diastereomer salt of an optically active amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid, obtained by optically resolving a racemic amine using the optically active diacyltartaric acid, is salt-exchanged with an acid aqueous solution, the optically active diacyltartaric acid is added in the acid aqueous solution beforehand. Furthermore, a raw material containing a racemic amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid is optically resolved, and the diastereomer salt of the optically active amine and the optically active diacyltartaric acid respectively of one isomer type, is separated. The obtained diastereomer salt is dissociated using an acid aqueous solution containing the optically active diacyltartaric acid, for recovering the optically active diacyltartaric acid, and the obtained optically active diacyltartaric acid is recycled into an optical resolution step as a raw material of the optical resolution step.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous recovery of free tartaric acid from raw materials containing potassium hydrogentartrate, the same are mixed with water and the potassium hydrogentartrate is dissolved. The process is improved in that the suspension is decanted, the clarified liquid is refiltered, the filtrate is cooled to crystallization temperature under a vacuum, the potassium hydrogentartrate crystals formed are dissolved, the solution is subjected to a cation exchange, and the tartaric acid solution obtained is evaporated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the retention of the stability of formulations useful for a gene therapy during the preparation and preservation. In the invention, at least one saccharide and/or at least one non-hydrophobic amino acid and/or at least one organic acid having two or more carboxyl groups except amino acids, or a collagen or a gelatin and at least one amino acid are added to a gene formulation.

Abstract: A process for making optically pure (R) and (S) salbutamol comprises obtaining the (R) or (S) isomer of either salbutamol or a salbutamol precursor in substantially optically pure form by resolving a racemic or optically impure mixture of enantiomers of salbutamol or of said precursor with either (L) or (D) tartaric acid, and where necessary converting said isomer of said precursor into either (R or (S) salbutamol respectively; then optionally converting said optically pure (R) and/or (S) salbutamol into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Abstract: Chiral hydroxyethylamine, hydroxyethylurea or hydroxyethylsulfonamide isostere containing retroviral protease and renin inhibitors can be prepared by multi-step syntheses that utilize key chiral amine intermediates. This invention is a cost effective method of obtaining such key chiral amine intermediates enantiomerically, diastereomerically and chemically pure. The method is suitable for large scale (multikilogram) productions. This invention also encompasses organic acid and inorganic acid salts of the amine intermediates.

Abstract: A process for recovering a desired organic acid from a solution includes the steps of: providing an aqueous solution including at least one desired organic acid or its acid anion; adjusting the proton concentration in the aqueous solution to a desired level, with the desired proton concentration being selected, at least in part, by the amount of available protons needed to associate with the acid anions of the desired organic acid(s) to be recovered and/or acid anions that are weaker than the desired organic acids; and recovering at least a portion of the at least one desired organic acid from the aqueous phase. The desired proton concentration can be based on the amount of available protons being greater than, less than or substantially equal, to the amount of protons needed to associate with the anion of the desired organic acid(s) and acid anions that are weaker than the desired organic acid(s).

Abstract: A method of making a cesium salt is described and involves reacting a cesium sulfate containing solution with lime to form 1) a solution containing at least cesium hydroxide and 2) a residue comprising calcium sulfate. The method further involves removing the residue from the solution and converting the cesium hydroxide that is present in the solution to at least one type of cesium salt. The present invention further relates to uses of the cesium salt as well as methods of making cesium hydroxide using lime. Also, methods of making alkali metal salts and alkali metal hydroxides are also described.

Abstract: Process for producing tartaric acid from a raw material whose dry matter comprises at least 5 wt% potassium hydrogentartrate wherein the raw material containing potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHT) is mixed with aqueous potassium hydroxide solution in a first reaction stage, where KHT is virtually completely reacted to form dipotassium tartrate (DKT), the aqueous solution containing DKT is then mixed with added acid in a precipitation stage at a pH value of 2.0 to 5.0, to produce a suspension containing crystallized KHT; crystallized KHT is then separated from the suspension, washed with water, and there is produced a solution at least 80 wt-% saturated with KHT and then the potassium is removed, to obtain an aqueous tartaric acid product solution, from which water is then at least partly removed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing (−)-(1S,4R) N protected 4-amino-2-cylcopentene-1-carboxylate esters represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are as described within the specification.

Abstract: Polycarboxylic acids are purified by contacting a crude polycarboxylic acid with a solvent to produce a substantially pure polycarboxylic acid. The solvent is chosen so that the impurities are soluble in the solvent and the polycarboxylic acid is insoluble in the solvent.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the recovery of essentially enantiomerically pure D-tartaric acid from aqueous and organic waste streams generated in the resolution of racemic 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyronitrile via the formation and isolation of a crystalline monobasic tartrate salt.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the recovery of essentially enantiomerically pure D-tartaric acid from aqueous and organic waste streams generated in the resolution of racemic 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyronitrile via the formation and isolation of a crystalline monobasic tartrate salt. The recovered optically pure D-tartaric acid may be efficiently recycled to provide a sustainable resolution of racemic 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyronitrile.

Abstract: Process for producing an optically active ester by reaction of a racemic alcohol with an optically active amino or tartaric acid derivative, a process for producing an optically active alcohol by hydrolysis of the optically active ester, a process for converting an alcohol into a ketone by oxidation, a method for stably storing an optically active ketone, and a new optically active amino acid ester and a new optically active tartaric acid ester.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of optically pure isomers of formoterol by the reaction of an optically pure 4-benzyloxy-3-formamidostyrene oxide with an optically pure 4-methoxy-.alpha.-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzeneethanamine followed by debenzylation. Useful intermediates in the process are also disclosed, as are the novel L-tartrate salt of R,R-formoterol and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: A method of preparing tartaric acid in which 5-ketogluconate is oxidized in a carbonate buffer at an alkaline pH preferably in the range of 8 to 10 using vanadate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acidic effervescent component for direct tableting of effervescent tablets and a process for its preparation.

Abstract: An optically-active or chiral compound is described which comprises(A) at least one quaternary nitrogen or phosphorus cation provided that if the cation is a quaternary nitrogen cation containing a hydroxyalkyl group, the hydroxyalkyl group is free of chlorine, and(B) at least one optically-active anion.In one embodiment, the optically-active anion is an optically-active carboxylic acid anion. The process for preparing such optically-active compounds also is described and such compounds may be prepared by reacting(A) at least one quaternary nitrogen or phosphorus salt with(B) at least one optically-active reactant capable of reacting with the salt provided that if the salt is a quaternary nitrogen salt containing a hydroxyalkyl group, the hydroxyalkyl group is free of chlorine.

Abstract: An industrial process for producing O,O'-diacyltartaric anhydride with high purity and high efficiency is disclosed. According to the process of the invention, a carboxylic acid of the formula (I):R.sup.1 COOH (I)(wherein R.sup.1 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; phenyl group; or phenyl group substituted with 1-5 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or with 1-5 halogen atoms) is reacted with tartaric acid in the presence of a chlorinating agent.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are sorbed from aqueous feedstocks into an organic liquid phase or onto a solid adsorbent. The acids are freed from the sorbent phase by treating it with aqueous alkylamine thus forming an alkylammonium carboxylate which is dewatered and decomposed to the desired carboxylic acid and the alkylamine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for inexpensively and effectively recovering a high-purity organic acid, according to which a crude organic acid is subjected to extraction treatment with an organic solvent to obtain an organic solvent extract containing an organic acid; the organic solvent extract is mixed with a high-pressure gas to precipitate and separate impurities thereby obtaining a solution containing a high-purity organic acid; and the organic acid is separated from the solution to obtain a high-purity organic acid.

Abstract: The depolymerization of poly(hydroxyacids) in a liquid medium is enhanced by the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound. Poly(hydroxyacid) polymers containing a quaternary ammonium salt are more readily depolymerized.

Abstract: A process for separating an organic acid or acids from an organic acid-containing solution obtained by a fermentation method in which glucose is used as starting material, which comprises contacting said organic acid-containing solution to a cation exchange resin to have the organic acid or acids adsorbed on the cation exchange resin, then contacting the cation exchange resin to an eluent to have the organic acid or acids desorbed, and then separating from the eluate a solution containing the organic acid or acids, wherein said organic acid-containing solution is contacted to the cation exchange resin under such a condition that the pH or the organic acid-containing solution is maintained at a pH level lower than pKa where Ka is the ionization constant of the organic acid or acids or the primary ionization constant in a case of a polybasic acid or acids, and the pH of the eluate is maintained at the above pH level.

Abstract: The present invention provides 1-phenyl-3-naphthalenyloxypropanamines which are selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake.

Abstract: A process for making optically pure (R) and (S) salbutamol comprises obtaining the (R) or (S) isomer of either salbutamol or a salbutamol precursor in substantially optically pure form by resolving a racemic or optically impure mixture of enantiomers of salbutamol or of said precursor with either (L) or (D) tartaric acid, and where necessary converting said isomer of said precursor into either (R or (S) salbutamol respectively; then optionally converting said optically pure (R) and/or (S) salbutamol into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Abstract: A process for making optically Optically pure (R) and (S) salbutamol comprises obtaining the (R) or (S) isomer of either salbutamol or a salbutamol precursor in substantially optically pure form is obtained by resolving a racemic or optically impure mixture of enantiomers of salbutamol or of said a salbutamol precursor with either (L) or (D) tartaric acid, and where necessary converting said isomer of said precursor into either (R) or (S) salbutamol respectively; then optionally converting said optically pure (R) and/or (S) salbutamol into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.