Abstract: A method for producing particles, the method including: depolymerizing a resin to obtain a depolymerized product; contacting the depolymerized product obtained in the depolymerizing with a first compressive fluid to obtain a melted product; and jetting the melted product obtained in the contacting to granulate the particles.

Abstract: A method of production of malic acid includes treating a first intermediate product to form a second intermediate product. The treating includes substantially removing impurities from the first intermediate product to obtain a treated intermediate product by gas stripping the crude maleic anhydride, or subjecting a mixture of one or more of the crude maleic acid, the crude fumaric acid, and the vent gas scrubber solution obtained from a phthalic anhydride production process or a maleic anhydride production process to crystallization, passing an aqueous solution of the treated intermediate product through a carbon column to substantially remove retained impurities to form the second intermediate product, obtaining a feed that includes the second intermediate product, and causing the feed to undergo hydration reaction in a tubular reactor or a continuous stirred tank reactor to produce malic acid.

Abstract: A method for crystallizing succinic acid includes agitating a succinic acid reaction solution with a jet-flow agitator that is rotated at low speed and has a low volume power density; compared with the conventional agitators, the jet-flow agitator helps increase the uniformity of succinic acid particles, shorten the time required for crystallizing succinic acid, and raise the yield of the crystallized succinic acid as well as purity of crystallized succinic acid having a purity of 99.8-99.9%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for separating and purifying a long chain diacid from other long chain diacids, monocarboxylic acids, hydroxyl acids or alkanes by simulated or actual moving bed chromatography.

Abstract: High-purity dibasic acid compositions are generally disclosed. In some embodiments, the dibasic acid compositions are solutions or suspensions. In some other embodiments, the compositions are solid-state compositions. In some such embodiments, the solid-state compositions include a dibasic acid as a crystalline solid and further include a low quantity of certain impurities, such as monobasic acids, various esters, and the like. Methods and systems for making such high-purity dibasic acid compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for the preparation of 2-keto carboxylic acid having the general formula R1—CO—COOH, wherein R1 is a branched alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof, comprising a fermentation step wherein a microorganism is grown in a culture medium in order to provide a culture broth containing 2-keto carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for enriching monomer content in a cycloalkane oxidation process mixed organic waste stream. In particular, the methods involve combining a biocatalyst with a mixed organic waste stream from a cycloalkane oxidation process, and enzymatically converting dimeric and/or oligomeric components of said waste stream into monomeric components. The methods may enrich the content of diacids, adipic acid, and/or other ?,?-difunctional C6 alkanes in the mixed organic waste stream. Additionally, the treated mixed organic waste streams may have improved burning efficiency.

Abstract: A process for purifying a polycarboxylic acid from a mixture is provided. Optionally, the mixture is an aqueous solution and optionally the process comprises an acidification step and/or the use of one or more organic solvents. Also provided in part are compositions of polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Provided are processes for producing high-purity succinic acid from a succinic-acid-containing liquid through crystallization.

Abstract: A method for producing crystals of adipic acid is described. In particular, a method for recovering adipic acid in the form of crystals with low impurity content, obtained by crystallization steps in particular using reaction media for synthesizing adipic acid is described. A purification method including a step of crushing the crystals for easier removal or the migration of the impurities in the crystals is also described.

Abstract: A process for removing, isolating and purifying dicarboxylic acid from fermentation broths, which includes the following steps: 1) removal of the biomass and any solids present from the fermentation broth in two successive stages, 2) removal of the dicarboxylic acid solution from the biomass-free fermentation broth by simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography, 3) fine purification of the dicarboxylic acid solution, 4) multistage evaporative concentration and crystallization, and 5) separation and drying of the crystals.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production process of an ?-hydroxy acid having a sufficient quality as a polymer raw material, which process does not produce a large amount of waste as a byproduct and is economical. The present invention provides a production process of an ?-hydroxy acid having a step of adding a basic metal to an ?-hydroxy acid ammonium salt to yield an ?-hydroxy acid metal salt and a step of desalting the ?-hydroxy acid metal salt to yield the ?-hydroxy acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing and purifying carboxylic acids from fermentation broths, comprising removing biomass and any solids present from the fermentation broth, finely cleaning up the biomass-free and solids-free fermentation broth by nanofiltration, and removing the carboxylic acid from the finely cleaned, biomass-free, and solids free fermentation broth by adsorption to one or more solid phases having tertiary amino groups.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing a carboxylic acid, which method includes the steps of providing magnesium carboxylate, wherein the carboxylic acid corresponding with the carboxylate has a solubility in water at 20° C. of 80 g/100 g water or less; acidifying the magnesium carboxylate with HCl, thereby obtaining a solution comprising carboxylic acid and magnesium chloride (MgCl2); optionally a concentration step, wherein the solution comprising carboxylic acid and MgCl2 is concentrated; precipitating the carboxylic acid from the solution comprising the carboxylic acid and MgCl2, thereby obtaining a carboxylic acid precipitate and a MgCl2 solution.

Abstract: The invention pertains to method for recovering polycarboxylic acid from an aqueous mixture including the steps of: providing an aqueous mixture including polycarboxylic acid and at least 5 wt. % dissolved halide salt, based on the total weight of water and dissolved material in the aqueous mixture; extracting the polycarboxylic acid from the aqueous mixture into a first organic liquid including an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketones and ethers, thereby obtaining an organic polycarboxylic acid solution and an aqueous waste liquid including the halide salt; and extracting the polycarboxylic acid from the organic carboxylic acid solution into an aqueous liquid, thereby obtaining an aqueous polycarboxylic acid solution and a second organic liquid. The method according to the invention allows a combined purification and concentration step for feed solutions of polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for making MAA from a clarified DAA-containing fermentation broth includes (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAA, at least some DAA, and at least about 20 wt. % water; (b) cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAA-containing liquid portion in contact with a MAA-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAA; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: The invention provides energy efficient depolymerization of polyesters such as post-consumer polylactic acid. Ultrasonic induced implosions can be used to facilitate the depolymerization. The expanding market of polylactic acid-based plastic products, such as water bottles and packaging materials, has raised concerns of contaminating the recycling stream, which is largely filled with petroleum-based plastics. Thus the development of an energy efficient and economically viable PLA recycling process is urgently needed. Post consumer PLA was exposed to methanol as the suspension media in the presence of organic or ionic salts of alkali metals such a potassium carbonate and sodium hydroxide as depolymerization catalysts to provide high quality lactic acid monomers in high yield.

Abstract: A process for removing free carboxylic acid from an aqueous solution including a mass fraction of less than 1% wt of the free carboxylic acid. The process includes the steps of: (a) contacting the aqueous solution with a depleted solvent including a polyamine extractant to obtain an extract enriched in free carboxylic acid and a raffinate having a reduced free carboxylic acid content; and (b) separating the raffinate from the extract, wherein the polyamine extractant is a compound containing at least two nitrogen atoms, and at least one double bond between a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom.

Abstract: This invention provide processes for producing carboxylic acid product, along with useful salts. The carboxylic acid product that is produced according to this invention is preferably a C2-C12 carboxylic acid. Among the salts produced in the process of the invention are ammonium salts.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing a succinic acid, which method includes the steps of: providing magnesium succinate; acidifying the magnesium succinate with hydrochloric acid (HCl), thereby obtaining a solution including succinic acid and magnesium chloride (MgCl2); optionally a concentration step, wherein the solution including succinic acid and MgCl2 is concentrated; precipitating succinic acid from the solution including succinic acid and MgCl2, thereby obtaining a succinic acid precipitate and a MgCl2 solution. The addition of HCl to a magnesium salt of succinic acid and subsequent precipitation of succinic acid from the solution leads to a very efficient separation of succinic acid from a magnesium succinate solution.

Abstract: By subjecting an organic acid derived from a biomass resource to oxidation treatment using an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butylhydroperoxide, ozone, sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorite, colored impurities contained in the organic acid derived from a biomass resource can be removed.

Abstract: A method for the separation and purification of at least one long-chain diacid, comprising: introducing an impure preparation comprising at least one long-chain diacid to a stationary phase of a chromatograph; and eluting the at least one long-chain diacid from the stationary phase with at least one eluent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus comprising a) an unbaffled reactor or microreactor having a channel defined by a pathway, and b) an oscillating flow device, wherein the channel pathway comprises a plurality of directional changes. The reactor channel has a hydrolic diameter from 0.1 mm to 10 mm A method of making said apparatus and the use of said apparatus to carry out a process on a suspension is also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes for making monoammonium succinate (MAS) and/or succinic acid (SA) from either a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing fermentation broth or a clarified MAS-containing fermentation broth include (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and optionally ammonia and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS or SA; (b) cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to produce a solid portion that contains MAS or SA in contact with a liquid portion; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: A process for making HOOC—R—COOH compound acid from a clarified NH4+?OOC—R—COO?NH4+ compound-containing fermentation broth including distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of >I00° C. to about 250° C. to form an overhead that comprises water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that Includes HOOC—R—COOH compound acid, and at least about 20 wt %. water; cooling the. bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion in contact with a solid portion that is substantially pure HOOC—R—COOH compound acid; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: Processes for removing color bodies from crude succinic acid comprising distillation of crude succinic acid and collecting the distillate in a water-containing receiver. The color bodies substantially remain in the distillation bottoms and the purified succinic acid in the water-containing receiver is substantially free of color bodies.

Abstract: An organic solvent free method for purifying and refining of a long-chain dicarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is disclosed. This method avoids problems caused by organic solvents which have been used in the purifying process of the prior art. This method reduces effectively the content of such impurities as proteins and coloring materials in the product. The purity of the crystallized long-chain dicarboxylic acid product is greater than 99 wt %.

Abstract: A process for removing, isolating and purifying dicarboxylic acid from fermentation broths, which includes the following steps: 1) removal of the biomass and any solids present from the fermentation broth in two successive stages, 2) removal of the dicarboxylic acid solution from the biomass-free fermentation broth by simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography, 3) fine purification of the dicarboxylic acid solution, 4) multistage evaporative concentration and crystallization, and 5) separation and drying of the crystals.

Abstract: Provided are processes for producing high-purity succinic acid from a succinic-acid-containing liquid through crystallization.

Abstract: This present invention relates to the processes for the purification of succinic acid from a fermentation broth containing ammonium succinate. The process for the purification of succinic acid described in this invention involves the use of ion exchange resins for splitting the ammonium succinate in the fermentation broth. During the passage of the fermentation broth through a cationic ion exchange resin, the ammonium succinate is split into ammonium cation and the succinate anion. The proton on the resin surface is exchanged for the ammonium ions and the succinate anion is reduced to succinic acid with the protons released from the ion exchange resin. The bound ammonium is released from the resin with the addition of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid and thereby the ion exchange resin is regenerated for subsequent use. The ammonium sulfate by-product resulting from the regeneration step of this process can be used as a source of fertilizer.

Abstract: A method for the separation and purification of at least one long-chain diacid, comprising: introducing an impure preparation comprising at least one long-chain diacid to a stationary phase of a chromatograph; and eluting the at least one long-chain diacid from the stationary phase with at least one eluent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering succinic acid in crystal form from a fermentation broth comprising succinic acid, comprising the steps of a) bringing the fermentation broth to a pH of between 1 and 4, b) crystallizing the succinic acid from the fermentation broth to form succinic acid crystals, c) dissolving the succinic acid crystals at a temperature of between 30 and 90 degrees Celsius to form an aqueous solution comprising dissolved succinic acid, d) crystallizing the succinic acid from the solution to recover succinic acid in crystal form. The invention further relates to succinic acid in crystal form, comprising a sugar content of 1 to 100 ppm and a nitrogen content of 1 to 80 ppm.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon compounds having at least one nitrile function are converted into compounds having at least one carboxylic function by hydrating the nitrile functions into amide functions by reaction with water in the presence of a strong inorganic acid, and then hydrolyzing the amide functions into carboxylic functions by reaction with water and a strong inorganic acid; the carboxylic compounds thus obtained can be esterified into diesters, advantageously diester solvents.

Abstract: Processes for making monoammonium succinate (MAS) and/or succinic acid (SA) from either a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing fermentation broth or a clarified MAS-containing fermentation broth include (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and optionally ammonia and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS or SA; (b) cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to produce a solid portion that contains MAS or SA in contact with a liquid portion; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: A method for producing crystals of adipic acid is described. In particular, a method for recovering adipic acid in the form of crystals with low impurity content, obtained by crystallization steps in particular using reaction media for synthesizing adipic acid is described. A purification method including a step of crushing the crystals for easier removal or the migration of the impurities in the crystals is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a dicarboxylic acid and ethanol which comprises fermenting a genetically modified yeast in a suitable fermentation medium under anaerobic conditions at a pH value of between 1 and 5 and producing the dicarboxylic acid and ethanol.

Abstract: Processes for making AA from either a clarified DAA-containing fermentation broth or a clarified MAA-containing fermentation broth that include distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of >100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that comprises water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes AA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion and a solid portion that is substantially pure AA; and separating the solid portion from the liquid portion. A method also reduces the broth distillation temperature and pressure by adding an ammonia separating and/or water azeotroping solvent to the broth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a highly pure ammonium succinate solution including the steps of (A) producing calcium succinate trihydrate by crystallization fermentation of a microorganism; (B) converting calcium succinate trihydrate to calcium succinate monohydrate by transition crystallization; (C) separating the calcium succinate monohydrate crystals; (D) substituting the calcium salt in the calcium succinate monohydrate with ammonium salt resulting in an ammonium succinate solution; and (E) removing the solid calcium carbonate from the ammonium succinate solution.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a monovalent succinate salt includes: a) fermenting a carbohydrate source to succinic acid by means of a micro-organism, b) adding a alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate and/or hydrogencarbonate, the alkaline earth metal being calcium or magnesium, as neutralising agent during the fermentation in an aqueous medium and causing the formation of calcium succinate or magnesium succinate, c) reacting the alkaline earth metal succinate salt in an aqueous medium with a monovalent hydroxide, carbonate and/or hydrogencarbonate base to form an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate and/or hydrogencarbonate and a monovalent succinate salt, d) separating the monovalent succinate salt from the alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate and/or hydrogencarbonate, and e) recycling the alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate and/or hydrogencarbonate to step b.

Abstract: Processes for making monoammonium succinate (MAS) and/or succinic acid (SA) from either a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing fermentation broth or a clarified MAS-containing fermentation broth include (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and optionally ammonia and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS or SA; (b) cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to produce a solid portion that contains MAS or SA in contact with a liquid portion; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a process capable of efficiently producing highly purified succinic acid from an alkali metal succinate by a simple separation and purification process. The process for producing succinic acid in the present invention comprises (1) the step to add sulfuric acid into a solution containing an alkali metal succinate, (2) the step to precipitate and remove the crystal of an alkali metal sulfate from said solution, and (3) the step to precipitate and recover the crystal of succinic acid. The removal of the crystal of an alkali metal sulfate in the step (2) is performed by a solid-liquid separation in a state that the crystal of alkali metal sulfate is precipitated by concentrating and heating the solution that is obtained by adding sulfuric acid in the step (1) and succinic acid is dissolved in the solution.

Abstract: Methods for extracting molecules of fulvic acid from a humus material such as oxidized lignite are disclosed. The humus material is mixed with water to solubilize at least some of the fulvic acid molecules. A first filtration apparatus (which may be an ultrafiltration apparatus) may be used to separate at least some of the solubilized fulvic acid molecules from the humin and at least some of the humic acid molecules. A second filtration apparatus (which may be an ultrafiltration apparatus or a nanfiltration apparatus) may be used to then separate the fulvic acid molecules from most of the water and any remaining impurities. A digestion step may also be carried out where microorganisms are brought into contact with the mixture in the presence of oxygen in order to oxidize any unoxidized organic compounds in the humus material. Iron and aluminum may be precipitated and removed by the addition of a phosphate to improve the purity of the end-product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 1,2-dodeca-2,10-diene diacid and 1,12-dodecanoic acid whereby cyclooctene and acrylic acid are reacted with a ruthenium catalyst by way of a metathesis reaction at high substrate concentrations until the reaction takes place in substance, the resulting unsaturated dicarboxylic acid being precipitated and being hydrated in a second reaction step.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing succinic acid and/or succinate ions by fermentation under anaerobic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for preparing, purifying, precipitating, etc., a subject compound for use in a subsequent reaction carried out in suspension. The present invention relies on a precipitating solvent being added to an aqueous solution comprising the subject compound to form a precipitate of the subject compound, which may be further dried and/or purified. Compositions made according to present methods have improved characteristics and properties, such as increased surface and/or reduced density, resulting in a higher reactivity in a subsequent reaction carried out in suspension.

Abstract: An improved process for synthesis of duloxetine hydrochloride (1) having chiral purity greater than 99.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a process capable of efficiently producing highly purified succinic acid from an alkali metal succinate by a simple separation and purification process. The process for producing succinic acid in the present invention comprises (1) the step to add sulfuric acid into a solution containing an alkali metal succinate, (2) the step to precipitate and remove the crystal of an alkali metal sulfate from said solution, and (3) the step to precipitate and recover the crystal of succinic acid. The removal of the crystal of an alkali metal sulfate in the step (2) is performed by a solid-liquid separation in a state that the crystal of alkali metal sulfate is precipitated by concentrating and heating the solution that is obtained by adding sulfuric acid in the step (1) and succinic acid is dissolved in the solution.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium citrate malate composition by the steps of: combining a calcium source, a citrate source, a malate source and water to form a calcium citrate malate mixture. The mixture is reacted until reaching a peak temperature of from about 45° C. to about 70° C., and then cooled at a rate of from about 1° C./minute to about 4° C./minute to reach a final temperature of less than about 40° C. A calcium citrate malate precipitate is formed and then dried to obtain the calcium citrate malate composition.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that relates to the recovery of a metal catalyst from an oxidizer purge stream produced in the synthesis of carboxylic acid, typically terephthalic. More particularly, the process involves recovery of a metal catalyst from an oxidizer purge stream through the use of a pressure filter, the combining of water with a mother liquor to recover the metal catalyst and then subjecting an aqueous mixture so formed to a single stage extraction with an extraction solvent to produce an extract stream comprising organic impurities and a raffinate stream comprising the metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the recovery of citric acid from an aqueous solution feed stream originating in fermentation of carbohydrates and utilizing an amine solvent extraction step for separation of impurities comprising: subjecting said aqueous solution feed stream A to a treatment for partial recovery of citric acid, wherein said treatment is other than amine solvent extraction, to form a first portion of purified citric acid B and a secondary feed stream F; subjecting at least a portion G of said secondary feed stream F to a treatment consisting of amine solvent extraction to form a second portion of purified citric acid solution and to reject substantial of impurities initially present in said portion of said secondary feed stream; subjecting said second portion of purified citric acid solution to crystallization; and recycling mother liquor from said crystallization.