Abstract: Structures for switches and methods for forming structures that include a switch. A first well and a section well are arranged in a substrate. Trench isolation regions are arranged in the substrate to define multiple active device regions. Each of the active device regions includes a section of the first well that is surrounded by the trench isolation regions. The second well has an opposite conductivity type from the first well. The active device regions and the trench isolation regions are arranged between the top surface of the substrate and the second well, and the second well is contiguous with the trench isolation regions.

Abstract: A non-planar transistor including partially melted raised semiconductor source/drains disposed on opposite ends of a semiconductor fin with the gate stack disposed there between. The raised semiconductor source/drains comprise a super-activated dopant region above a melt depth and an activated dopant region below the melt depth. The super-activated dopant region has a higher activated dopant concentration than the activated dopant region and/or has an activated dopant concentration that is constant throughout the melt region. A fin is formed on a substrate and a semiconductor material or a semiconductor material stack is deposited on regions of the fin disposed on opposite sides of a channel region to form raised source/drains. A pulsed laser anneal is performed to melt only a portion of the deposited semiconductor material above a melt depth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a MOS transistor, including a substrate, a gate oxide, a gate, a source/drain region and a silicide layer. The gate oxide is disposed on the substrate and the gate is disposed on the gate oxide. The source/drain region is disposed in the substrate at two sides of the gate. The silicide layer is disposed on the source/drain region, wherein the silicide layer includes a curved bottom surface. The present invention further provides a manufacturing method of the MOS transistor.

Abstract: A crystal manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing a crystal in a desired position on a substrate is provided. A spring has one end fixed to a mount and the other end coupled to a magnetic body. The magnetic body has one end coupled to the spring and the other end coupled to a piston. A coil is wound around the magnetic body and electrically connected between a power supply circuit and a ground node (GND). The piston has a linear member inserted in a cylinder. The cylinder has a hollow columnar shape and a small hole at a bottom surface. The cylinder holds a silicon melt. A substrate is supported by an XY stage to be opposed to the small hole of the cylinder. The power supply circuit passes pulse shaped current through the coil to move the piston in an up-down direction (DR1). As a result, a droplet is discharged toward the substrate from the small hole at an initial speed of 1.02 m/s.

Abstract: A device includes an active region formed of a semiconductor material, a gate dielectric at a surface of the active region, and a gate electrode over the gate dielectric. A first source/drain region and a second source/drain region are on opposite sides of the gate electrode. A Contact Etch Stop Layer (CESL) is over the first and the second source/drain regions. An Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD) includes a top surface substantially level with a top surface of the gate electrode. A first contact plug is over and electrically connected to the first source/drain region. A second contact plug is over and aligned to the second source/drain region. The second contact plug and the second source/drain region are spaced apart from each other by a portion of the first CESL to form a capacitor.

Abstract: A non-planar transistor including partially melted raised semiconductor source/drains disposed on opposite ends of a semiconductor fin with the gate stack disposed there between. The raised semiconductor source/drains comprise a super-activated dopant region above a melt depth and an activated dopant region below the melt depth. The super-activated dopant region has a higher activated dopant concentration than the activated dopant region and/or has an activated dopant concentration that is constant throughout the melt region. A fin is formed on a substrate and a semiconductor material or a semiconductor material stack is deposited on regions of the fin disposed on opposite sides of a channel region to form raised source/drains. A pulsed laser anneal is performed to melt only a portion of the deposited semiconductor material above a melt depth.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a semiconductor wafer, comprising: performing heating so that metals dissolve into semiconductors of the wafer to form a semiconductor-metal compound; and performing cooling so that the formed semiconductor-metal compound retrogradely melt to form a mixture of the metals and the semiconductors. According to embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to achieve wafers of a high purity applicable to the semiconductor manufacture.

Abstract: In one embodiment a method is provided that includes providing a structure including a semiconductor substrate having at least one device region located therein, and a doped semiconductor layer located on an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate in the at least one device region. After providing the structure, a sacrificial gate region having a spacer located on sidewalls thereof is formed on an upper surface of the doped semiconductor layer. A planarizing dielectric material is then formed and the sacrificial gate region is removed to form an opening that exposes a portion of the doped semiconductor layer. The opening is extended to an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate and then an anneal is performed that causes outdiffusion of dopant from remaining portions of the doped semiconductor layer forming a source region and a drain region in portions of the semiconductor substrate that are located beneath the remaining portions of the doped semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a FIN type transistor including a FIN-shape semiconductor portion improved for reliability by suppressing scattering of the characteristics of the FIN-shape transistor by decreasing a difference between impurity concentration at an upper surface and impurity concentration on a lateral side of the FIN-shape semiconductor portion, in which a pad insulating film at a thickness of about 2 to 5 nm is formed to the upper surface of the FIN-shape semiconductor portion, cluster ions are implanted to one lateral side of the FIN-shape semiconductor portion from an oblique direction at a first implantation angle ?1 and then cluster ions are implanted to another lateral side of the FIN-shape semiconductor portion from an oblique direction at a second implantation angle ?2 in symmetrical with the first implantation angle ?1 and, subsequently, the cluster ions implanted to the FIN-shape semiconductor portion 10 are activated to form a diffusion region that forms a portion of a source region an

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device is provided that includes forming a first metal semiconductor alloy on a semiconductor containing surface, forming a dielectric layer over the first metal semiconductor alloy, forming an opening in the dielectric layer to provide an exposed surface the first metal semiconductor alloy, and forming a second metal semiconductor alloy on the exposed surface of the first metal semiconductor alloy. In another embodiment, the method includes forming a gate structure on a channel region of a semiconductor substrate, forming a dielectric layer over at least a source region and a drain region, forming an opening in the dielectric layer to provide an exposed surface the semiconductor substrate, forming a first metal semiconductor alloy on the exposed surface of the semiconductor substrate, and forming a second metal semiconductor alloy on the first metal semiconductor alloy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transistor and the method for forming the same. The transistor of the present invention comprises a semiconductor substrate; a gate dielectric layer formed on the semiconductor substrate; a gate formed on the gate dielectric layer; and a source region and a drain region located in the semiconductor substrate and on respective sides of the gate, wherein only the source region comprises at least one dislocation. The method for forming a transistor according to the present invention comprises forming a mask layer on a semiconductor substrate on which a gate has been formed so that the mask layer covers the gate and the semiconductor substrate; patterning the mask layer to only expose at least a portion of a source region; performing a first ion implantation to the exposed portion of the source region; and annealing the semiconductor substrate so as to form a dislocation in the exposed portion of the source region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device 100 includes a semiconductor substrate 14, a connection electrode 12 disposed on an upper surface of the semiconductor substrate 14 and connected to an integrated circuit thereon, a through electrode 20 which penetrates the semiconductor substrate 14 and the connection electrode 20, and an insulation portion 30 interposed between the semiconductor substrate 14 and the through electrode 20. The through electrode 20 is integrally formed to protrude outward from upper surfaces of the semiconductor substrate 14 and the connection electrode 12, and connected to the connection electrode 12 in a region where the through electrode 20 penetrates the connection electrode 12.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device manufacturing method for a capacitor having a dielectric film which can be formed into a thin film, can be formed at a low temperature, and has a readily controllable property. The manufacturing method includes: forming an oxide film or an oxynitride film on a conductor for serving as one electrode of a capacitor; forming, on the oxide film or the oxynitride film, a manganese oxide film for serving as a dielectric film of the capacitor; and forming, on the manganese oxide film, a conductive film for serving as the other electrode of the capacitor.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device that enhances the amount of stress that is transmitted to the channel region for carrier mobility enhancement. In one embodiment an amorphous region is formed at or near the gate dielectric interface prior to source/drain anneal. In a second embodiment the gate material is amorphous as deposited and processing temperatures are kept below the gate material crystallization temperature until stress enhancement processing has been completed. The amorphous gate material deforms during high temperature anneal and converts from an amorphous to a polycrystalline phase allowing more stress to be transmitted into the channel region. This enhances carrier mobility and improves transistor drive current.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, by which a bottom gate thin film transistor that has an improved S value and a channel forming region with a smaller thickness than that of a source region and a drain region can be manufactured in a simple process. An island-like conductive film is formed over a surface of an insulating substrate in a portion corresponding to a channel forming region, and is covered with an insulating film to form a projection portion. After an amorphous semiconductor film is deposited to cover the projection portion, the amorphous semiconductor film is irradiated with laser light so as to be melted and crystallized. Part of the melted semiconductor over the projection portion flows into regions adjacent to both sides of the projection portion, which results in reduction in thickness of the semiconductor film over the projection portion (channel forming region).

Abstract: The invention provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor device that enhances the amount of stress that is transmitted to the channel region for carrier mobility enhancement. In one embodiment an amorphous region is formed at or near the gate dielectric interface prior to source/drain anneal. In a second embodiment the gate material is amorphous as deposited and processing temperatures are kept below the gate material crystallization temperature until stress enhancement processing has been completed. The amorphous gate material deforms during high temperature anneal and converts from an amorphous to a polycrystalline phase allowing more stress to be transmitted into the channel region. This enhances carrier mobility and improves transistor drive current.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing thin-film transistors using nanoparticles and thin film transistors manufactured by the method. A hydrophilic buffer layers are deposited on the substrates to facilitate formation of nanoparticle films. Sintered nanoparticles are used as an active layer and dielectric materials of high dielectric coefficient are also used as a gate dielectric layer to form a top gate electrode on the gate dielectric layer, thereby enabling low-voltage operation and low-temperature fabrication.

Abstract: A reflectance-controlling layer whose reflectance to irradiation of laser light becomes lower as a thickness thereof becomes thinner is formed on a semiconductor substrate having a first region and a second region. Thereafter, the reflectance-controlling layer on the first region is etched. Then, a laser light is irradiated to the semiconductor substrate to anneal an n?-type semiconductor region and an n+-type semiconductor region of the first region. In the same manner, after the reflectance-controlling layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate, the reflectance-controlling layer on the second region is etched. Then, a laser light is irradiated to the semiconductor substrate to anneal a p?-type semiconductor region and a p+-type semiconductor region of the second region.

Abstract: A polycrystalline silicon thin film to be used in display devices, the thin film having adjacent primary grain boundaries that are not parallel to each other, wherein an area surrounded by the primary grain boundaries is larger than 1 ?m2, a fabrication method of the polycrystalline silicon thin film, and a thin film transistor fabricated using the method.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor channel region and a gate region, wherein the gate region includes at least one buried part extending under the channel region. The buried part of the gate region is formed from a cavity under the channel region. The cavity is filled with a first material. An opening is made to access the first material. In one implementation, aluminum is deposited in the opening in contact with the first material. An anneal is performed to cause the aluminum to be substituted for the first material in the cavity. In another implementation, a second material different from the first material is deposited in the opening. An anneal is performed to cause an alloy of the first and second materials to be formed in the cavity.

Abstract: A polymer semiconductor compound of the below formula, wherein the side chains, R1, R2, R3 and R4, are arranged in a manner that promotes high mobility and to provide a weak side chain interaction.

Abstract: By selectively applying a stress memorization technique to N-channel transistors, a significant improvement of transistor performance may be achieved. High selectivity in applying the stress memorization approach may be accomplished by substantially maintaining the crystalline state of the P-channel transistors while annealing the N-channel transistors in the presence of an appropriate material layer which may not to be patterned prior to the anneal process, thereby avoiding additional lithography and masking steps.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device having a fin-type transistor that is excellent in characteristics by forming a fin-shaped semiconductor portion and a gate electrode with high precision or by making improvement regarding variations in characteristics among elements. The present invention is a semiconductor device including a fin-shaped semiconductor portion having a source region formed on one side thereof and a drain region formed on the other side thereof, and a gate electrode formed between the source region and the drain region to surround the fin-shaped semiconductor portion with a gate insulating film interposed therebetween. One solution for solving the problem according to the invention is that the gate electrode uses a metal material or a silicide material that is wet etchable.

Abstract: An element capable of manufacturing various devices of any shape having plasticity or flexibility without being limited by shape and a method for manufacturing thereof are provided. An element characterized by that a circuit element is formed continuously or intermittently in the longitudinal direction. An element characterized by that a cross section having a plurality of areas forming a circuit is formed continuously or intermittently in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, by which a bottom gate thin film transistor that has an improved S value and a channel forming region with a smaller thickness than that of a source region and a drain region can be manufactured in a simple process. An island-like conductive film is formed over a surface of an insulating substrate in a portion corresponding to a channel forming region, and is covered with an insulating film to form a projection portion. After an amorphous semiconductor film is deposited to cover the projection portion, the amorphous semiconductor film is irradiated with laser light so as to be melted and crystallized. Part of the melted semiconductor over the projection portion flows into regions adjacent to both sides of the projection portion, which results in reduction in thickness of the semiconductor film over the projection portion (channel forming region).

Abstract: A semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same are provided. The method includes: depositing a silicon layer containing amorphous silicon on a substrate; partially crystallizing the amorphous silicon by applying an annealing process to the silicon layer under an atmosphere of H2O at a predetermined temperature; forming a polycrystalline silicon layer by applying an laser annealing process to the partially crystallized amorphous silicon layer; forming a gate insulating layer on the polycrystalline silicon layer; and forming a gate electrode on the gate insulating layer, so that a substrate is prevented from being bent due to high temperature crystallization while the amorphous silicon is crystallized through an SPC process, thereby reducing defects of the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A method of forming a metal silicide layer includes sequentially forming a metal layer and a first capping layer on a substrate, performing a first heat treatment on the substrate to cause the substrate to react to the metal layer, removing the first, capping layer and an unreacted metal layer, forming a second capping layer on the substrate, and performing a second heat treatment on the substrate to form a metal silicide layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A multi-function memory array that includes a DRAM distributed in several DRAM sectors, a Flash EEPROM distributed in several Flash EEPROM sectors, a data bus interconnecting the DRAM sectors and the Flash EEPROM sectors, and a plurality of memory access control circuitries. Each DRAM sector and Flash EEPROM sector can be accessed independently and data can be transferred between a DRAM sector and a Flash EEPROM sector. External data can also be written into either DRAM or Flash EEPROM. Flash EEPROM in one sector is distributed in rows and columns, and cells in each column are separated from the cells in an adjacent column by deep trench isolation regions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method including: providing a substrate; forming recessed regions adjacent to both sides of a gate on the substrate; performing an angled co-implant of a species in two steps with two different energies and two different doses into the recessed regions; forming Silicon-Germanium in the recessed regions; forming source/drain extensions adjacent to both sides of the gate with a dopant; and performing an anneal to activate the dopant.

Abstract: An opto-thermal annealing method for forming a field effect transistor uses a reflective metal gate so that electrical properties of the metal gate and also interface between the metal gate and a gate dielectric are not compromised when opto-thermal annealing a source/drain region adjacent the metal gate. Another opto-thermal annealing method may be used for simultaneously opto-thermally annealing: (1) a silicon layer and a silicide forming metal layer to form a fully silicided gate; and (2) a source/drain region to form an annealed source/drain region. An additional opto-thermal annealing method may use a thermal insulator layer in conjunction with a thermal absorber layer to selectively opto-thermally anneal a silicon layer and a silicide forming metal layer to form a fully silicide gate.

Abstract: After a gate electrode is formed on a main surface of a semiconductor substrate, low concentration layers are formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate by implanting impurities therein, with using the gate electrode as a mask. Thereafter, first sidewalls and second sidewalls are formed on the both side surfaces of the gate electrode. Subsequently, nitrogen or the like is ion-implanted into the semiconductor substrate, with using the first sidewalls, the second sidewalls and the gate electrode as a mask, thereby forming a crystallization-control region (CCR) on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate. Then, after the second sidewalls are removed, high concentration layers for a source and a drain are formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A reflectance-controlling layer whose reflectance to irradiation of laser light becomes lower as a thickness thereof becomes thinner is formed on a semiconductor substrate having a first region and a second region. Thereafter, the reflectance-controlling layer on the first region is etched. Then, a laser light is irradiated to the semiconductor substrate to anneal an n?-type semiconductor region and an n+-type semiconductor region of the first region. In the same manner, after the reflectance-controlling layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate, the reflectance-controlling layer on the second region is etched. Then, a laser light is irradiated to the semiconductor substrate to anneal a p?-type semiconductor region and a p+-type semiconductor region of the second region.

Abstract: A phase change memory may be formed in a pore of a semiconductor structure. A selected region of the pore may be processed so that breakdown in that region is either more or less likely. As a result, by reducing the variation in the location of breakdown from cell to cell and memory to memory, greater consistency can be achieved.

Abstract: A polysilicon structure may be defined on a semiconductor substrate using plasma doping to dope the sidewalls and upper surface of the polysilicon material as well as the source drain extensions. Shortly after plasma doping, the structure may be encapsulated within a suitable capping layer to prevent the removal of the thin surface doped regions during subsequent semiconductor processing.

Abstract: A method for programming a semiconductor element in a semiconductor structure such as an IC involves reducing the backside thickness of the substrate and directing an energy beam through the backside at an opaque component of the semiconductor element. A support structure mounted on the semiconductor structure provides support during and after the thinning operation. Alternatively, the substrate can be thinned only under the semiconductor element, leaving the rest of the substrate thick enough to maintain structural integrity. The energy beam heats the opaque component. The prior thinning operation minimizes heat dissipation away from the semiconductor element, so that dopant diffusion occurs, changing the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor element. By modifying selected elements in this manner, a semiconductor structure can be permanently programmed, even if it does not include non-volatile memory. Additionally, security is enhanced since the programming leaves no visible signs.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor device capable of decreasing electric resistance of a lower electrode provided therein, as well as capable of accurately responding to external signals having high frequencies inputted therein. The lower electrode 7 consists of three layers such as a silicon lower electrode layer 7a made of poly-crystalline silicon, a tungsten-silicide layer 7b made of tungsten silicide as a chemical compound of tungsten and silicon, and a protection layer 7c made of poly-crystalline silicon. By constructing the semiconductor device as described above, oxidation of the tungsten-silicide layer 7b may be prevented by the protection layer 7c made of poly-crystalline silicon even when oxidation layers of an ONO (silicon oxidation) layer 11 is formed by thermal oxidation. Consequently, electric resistance of the lower electrode 7 can be decreased.

Abstract: A nonvolatile read-only memory device, wherein a word line is on a substrate and the word line includes a metal layer a polysilicon line. A trapping layer is further located between the word line and the substrate. A polysilicon protection line is formed over the substrate and the polysilicon protection line connects the word line and a grounded doped region in the substrate, wherein the resistance of the polysilicon protection line is higher than that of the word line.

Abstract: A method for use in the fabrication of integrated circuits includes providing a substrate assembly having a surface. An adhesion layer is formed over at least a portion of the surface. The adhesion layer is formed of RuSixOy, where x and y are in the range of about 0.01 to about 10. The adhesion layer may be formed by depositing RuSixOy by chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, or physical vapor deposition or the adhesion layer may be formed by forming a layer of ruthenium or ruthenium oxide over a silicon-containing region and performing an anneal to form RuSixOy from the layer of ruthenium and silicon from the adjacent silicon-containing region. Capacitor electrodes, interconnects or other structures may be formed with such an adhesion layer. Semiconductor structures and devices can be formed to include adhesion layers formed of RuSixOy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for forming a polycrystalline semiconductor layer on a substrate at an atmospheric pressure, including: providing a chamber having an opening portion and a stage therein; forming an amorphous semiconductor layer on the substrate; positioning the amorphous semiconductor layer formed on the substrate on the stage of the chamber; and irradiating five to twelve laser beam shots to every position of a desired portion of the semiconductor layer over the stage through the opening portion of the chamber.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device is provided that includes forming first and second gate electrodes on a substrate via a first photo mask, in which the first and second gate electrodes are in a longitudinal direction parallel to respective channels arranged in x-axis y-axis directions, measuring and comparing the lengths of the first and second gate electrodes on the substrate, estimating a mask bias on the basis of the difference between the actually measured lengths of the gate electrodes, and forming patterns of the first and second gate electrodes of which lengths are adjusted with the estimated mask bias on a new second photo mask, so that the first and second gate electrodes of the same length are formed on the same substrate via the new, second photo mask, regardless of the arrangement directions of the gate electrodes in parallel to channels. This has the effect of improving the processing speed of high CPU or logic element and the yield of products manufactured by this process.

Abstract: A method of fabricating silicon nitride read only memory. A trapping layer is formed on a substrate. Next, a patterned photoresist layer is formed, and the substrate region at the lower section of the trapping layer masked by the photoresist layer is defined as a channel region. The substrate region at the lower section of the trapping layer and no masked by the photoresist layer is defined as a source/drain region. Next, a pocket ion implantation is performed while using the photoresist layer as amask, and a first dopant is implanted into the source/drain region of the substrate. The photoresist layer is used as a mask and the source/drain ions are implanted. A second dopant is implanted into the source/drain region of the substrate. After that, the photoresist layer is removed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for achieving a desired thickness profile in a semiconductor device (44) using a flow-flange reactor (10), by adjusting input flow ratios in the flow-flange (12) of the reactor (10). A target thickness profile is established. A first set of optimum input flow ratios are then determined in response to the target thickness profile, based upon a first plurality of sample thickness profiles and a first plurality of sets of sample input flow ratios, wherein each of the sample thickness profiles corresponds to one of the first plurality of sets of sample input flow ratios. The input flow ratios of the reactor (10) are then adjusted in response to the first optimum set of input flow ratios.

Abstract: According to a method for fabricating a semiconductor light integrated circuit of the invention, a light waveguide layer and a clad layer are provided on a longitudinal aperture by epitaxial growth technique using a relatively low growth pressure. In contrast with those layers, a quantum well structure layer is selectively provided on the longitudinal aperture by epitaxial growth technique using a relatively high growth pressure.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for selective growth of semiconductor crystals, including the step of forming a semiconductor layer in a selected region of a semiconductor substrate by using a mask, the semiconductor layer being controlled with respect to atomic ordering or natural super lattice (NSL). It is possible by the invention to control the energy gap, optical anisotropy and electrically conductive anisotropy of a semiconductor layer, and also possible by the invention to carry out two-dimensional control of material properties in a substrate in accordance with a pattern of a mask.

Abstract: An electrostatic protected integrated circuit (IC) substrate and a method of making an integrated circuit package with the electrostatic protected IC substrate includes an IC substrate, having a plurality of electrical traces formed on the top of the IC substrate with the electrical traces extending from an IC chip mounting area near the center to the periphery of the IC substrate. Electrically shorting the electrical traces together with a conductive material such as conductive tape or epoxy, thereby, protecting the IC substrate against the accumulation of static charges during the assembly of the IC chip on the IC substrate. The IC chip is mounted in the mounting area on the IC substrate and the conductive material is removed before final testing.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor substrate having at least one compound semiconductor layer epitaxially grown on a silicon single crystal substrate, wherein the silicon single crystal substrate has a surface on which the compound semiconductor layer is epitaxially grown, the surface being inclined at an off angle of not more than 1 deg to a (100) plane of silicon crystal; and the compound semiconductor layer has a free or top surface having a roughness of 3 nm or less in terms of a mean square roughness, Rms, determined by an atomic force microscopic measurement in a view field area of 10 .mu.m.times.10 .mu.m or a roughness of 10.5 nm or less in terms of a maximum height difference, Ry.

Abstract: First, a non-doped AlGaAs layer and an n-GaAs layer serving as a conductive layer are formed in order on the surface of a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Then, a photoresist film having an opening in its predetermined position is formed on the surface of the n-GaAs layer. Then, an electron beam is applied from the upside of the photoresist film by using the photoresist film as a mask. Thereby, a melted layer made of uniform AlGaAs is formed in a region of the n-GaAs layer, non-doped AlGaAs layer and upper portion of the GaAs substrate, which is under the opening 24a. Thereafter, the melted layer is recrystallized. In this case, the melted layer is formed into an amorphous or polycrystalline layer on the GaAs substrate and an device isolation layer is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical link amplifier which reduces the attenuation of the optical signal passing through optical an link amplifier so as to have a fail-safe function to ensure the communication path of an optical signal even if abnormality occurs at an optical amplifier, and an wavelength multiplex laser oscillator in which the spectrum width of the laser beam is narrow and coupling coefficient with an optical fiber is increased.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process of growing a compound semiconductor layer locally, after applying radical particles that do not become an etchant of a compound semiconductor layer to an insulating mask so as to terminate the surface of the insulating mask in a state that the compound semiconductor layer is covered with the insulating mask, on the surface of the compound semiconductor layer exposed from the insulating mask.