Abstract: Reduction of the energy burden in a step of drying hydrous low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC), reduction of water content of a cake obtained by dehydration, and others are targeted. More specifically, provided is a method for dehydrating hydrous L-HPC with a compression type dehydrator by feeding the hydrous L-HPC to a screw conveyer connected to the inlet of the dehydrator, including steps of: starting the operation of the conveyer to fill the conveyer and the dehydrator with the hydrous L-HPC, starting the operation of the filled dehydrator, and feeding the hydrous L-HPC to the conveyer, while discharging dehydrated L-HPC from an outlet of the dehydrator, wherein a feed rate of feeding the hydrous L-HPC to the conveyer is equal to a discharge rate of discharging the dehydrated L-HPC in terms of net weight of cellulose ether, and a method for producing L-HPC by using the above method.

Abstract: A degree of polymerization of cellulose ether is accurately controlled, and quality and a manufacturing process of the cellulose ether are stabilized. There is provided a method for producing depolymerized alkali cellulose having a degree of polymerization controlled, comprising at least a step of depolymerizing, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas flow, alkali cellulose obtained by bringing a pulp into contact with an alkali solution, while measuring feeding and discharging amounts of oxygen in the oxygen-containing gas flow. There is also provided a method for producing cellulose ether, comprising at least a step of adding an etherifying agent to the depolymerized alkali cellulose having a degree of polymerization controlled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of chlorinating a carbohydrate or derivative thereof, for example, a sucrose-6-ester at the 4,1?, and 6? positions, with irreversible removal of HCl formed during the reaction to form the chlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof, for example, a 4,1?,6?-trichloro-4,1?,6?-trideoxy-6-O-ester of galactosucrose (TGS-6E). The irreversible removal of HCl can be carried out by an irreversible physical process and/or an irreversible chemical process. Sucralose, an artificial sweetener, can be prepared by deesterification of the TGS-6E. The chlorination reaction takes place at low temperatures and the desired chlorinated product is obtained in high yields and in high purities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting after-cataract including a hydrophilic sulfasalazine; a high content of hyaluronic acid; and a carrier containing an aqueous solution, and a method of preparing a composition for inhibiting after-cataract including the steps of adding hyaluronic acid powder to a hydrophilized sulfasalazine; and mixing the same with a specific condition.

Abstract: A process is described for making isohexides, comprising dehydrating one or more hexitols with an acid catalyst to form a crude dehydration product mixture including one or more isohexides, further processing the mixture to separate out one or more fractions of a greater purity or higher concentration of at least one of the isohexides, and hydrogenating at least one of a) the crude dehydration product mixture, b) a neutralized crude dehydration product mixture, following a neutralization of the crude dehydration product mixture, c) the product mixture following a neutralization step and further following a step to remove ionic species therefrom, d) a greater purity or higher concentration fraction, and e) a lesser purity or concentration fraction, by reaction with a hydrogen source in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. Hydrogenation improves the color and/or color stability of the material, especially of a finished isohexide product.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: This invention provides novel reagents for cyanating polysaccharides in aqueous or part aqueous solutions so that they may be covalently linked to proteins either directly or through a spacer. These reagents include 1-cyano-4-pyrrolidinopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CPPT), 1-cyano-imidazole (1-CI), 1-cyanobenzotriazole (1-CBT), or 2-cyanopyridazine-3(2H)one (2-CPO), or a functional derivative or modification thereof. The examples illustrate the use of these reagents with a variety of polysaccharides and proteins showing that the methods are generally applicable.

Abstract: This invention provides novel reagents for cyanating polysaccharides in aqueous or part aqueous solutions so that they may be covalently linked to proteins either directly or through a spacer. These reagents include 1-cyano-4-pyrrolidinopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CPPT), 1-cyano-imidazole (1-CI), 1-cyanobenzotriazole (1-CBT), or 2-cyanopyridazine-3(2H)one (2-CPO), or a functional derivative or modification thereof. The examples illustrate the use of these reagents with a variety of polysaccharides and proteins showing that the methods are generally applicable.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cohesive soft tissue fillers, for example, dermal and subdermal fillers, based on hyaluronic acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In one aspect, hyaluronic acid-based compositions described herein include a therapeutically effective amount of at least one anesthetic agent, for example, lidocaine. The present hyaluronic acid-based compositions including lidocaine have an enhanced stability and cohesivity, relative to conventional compositions including lidocaine, for example when subjected to sterilization techniques or when stored for long periods of time. Methods and processes of preparing such hyaluronic acid-based compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing sialic acid in plants, and plants capable of synthesizing sialic acid is provided. Furthermore, a method of producing sialylated protein in a plant is also provided. The method to synthesize sialic acid comprises providing a plant comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) synthase or Neu5Ac lyase, and expressing the nucleotide sequence thereby synthesizing sialic acid. The plant may also co-express a nucleotide sequence encoding one or more than one of an epimerase, a CMP-Neu5 Ac synthase, a CMP-Neu5Ac transporter and a sialyltransferase.

Abstract: A method of synthesising Aspalathin and its analogues or derivatives is disclosed. The method comprises synthesising a compound of formula 1 or its analogues or derivatives: wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, hydrocarbyl groups, saccharide moieties and —OR15; R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy), an acyl group and a benzyl group; and R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of —H, hydrocarbyl groups, saccharide moieties, an acyl group and a benzyl group.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for treating biomass. The biomass is treated with a biomass swelling agent within the vessel to swell or rupture at least a portion of the biomass. A portion of the swelling agent is removed from a first end of the vessel following the treatment. Then steam is introduced into a second end of the vessel different from the first end to further remove swelling agent from the vessel in such a manner that the swelling agent exits the vessel at a relatively low water content.

Abstract: A process for preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which comprises a) feeding solutions (hereinafter called starting solution) comprising one or more saccharides and an organic solvent having a boiling point greater than 200° C. (at standard pressure) (called high boiler for short) and water, ?and a solvent having a boiling point greater than 60° C. and less than 200° C. (at standard pressure, called low boiler for short) to a reaction vessel, b) effecting a conversion of hexose to HMF in the reaction vessel in the presence of water vapor with simultaneous distillative removal of the HMF and c) obtaining, as the distillate, an aqueous, HMF-comprising solution (hereinafter called distillate).

Abstract: There are provided methods for the valorization of carbohydrates. The methods comprise reacting a fluid comprising at least one carbohydrate with at least one metal catalyst or at least one metal catalytic system in a fluidized bed reactor so as to obtain at least one organic acid or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of 6-perdeoxy-6-per-halo Gamma cyclodextrin which is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of Sugammadex is disclosed in the invention. The process involves reacting Gamma cyclodextrin with phosphorous halide in the presence of organic solvent.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing alkali cellulose comprising efficiently removing cellulose particles which are introduced by a pulp and have accumulated in a circulating alkali metal hydroxide solution. More specifically, there is provided a method for producing alkali cellulose, comprising at least the steps of bringing a pulp into contact with an alkali metal hydroxide solution to obtain a contact product, draining the contact product by a drainer, reusing an alkali metal hydroxide solution recovered in the step of draining for contact with a pulp, and adjusting an amount of cellulose particles in the recovered alkali metal hydroxide solution to 0.5% by weight or less prior to reusing for contact with the pulp.

Abstract: A process is described for producing an isohexide wherein an hexitol or a combination of hexitols is continuously dehydrated in the presence of an acid catalyst under vacuum using a thin film evaporator.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for treating biomass. The biomass is treated with a biomass swelling agent within the vessel to swell or rupture at least a portion of the biomass. A portion of the swelling agent is removed from a first end of the vessel following the treatment. Then steam is introduced into a second end of the vessel different from the first end to further remove swelling agent from the vessel in such a manner that the swelling agent exits the vessel at a relatively low water content.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a simple method for fluorescent labeling of sugar chains, and a sugar chain capturing carrier used therein. According to the present invention, a sugar chain fluorescent labeling method is provided in which sugar chains are captured, recovered and purified by primary amino groups in a sugar chain capturing carrier having the primary amino groups that is used to capture sugar chains, and the captured sugar chains are released from the carrier and then labeled with a fluorescent substance including aromatic amine at a concentration of 0.5 mol/L or more.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for the preparation of substituted pyrimidine derivatives, useful as intermediates in the synthesis of histamine H4 receptor modulators, and to intermediates in H4 modulator synthesis.

Abstract: This invention related to a cationically and hydrophilically modified polygalactomannan having repeating units with an average D-mannosyl to D-galactosyl residue ratio of at least 5 to 1 and to compositions containing the same. A portion of the hydrogen atoms of hydroxyl groups situated on the mannosyl and galactosyl residues of the galactomannan are replaced with a hydrophilic and a cationic substituent.

Abstract: Cellulose ethers, wherein at least a part of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose backbone are substituted by methoxy groups and hydroxyalkoxy groups, and optionally alkoxy groups being different from methoxy groups, having an unconventional distribution of methoxy substituents at the 2-, 3- and 6-positions of the anhydroglucose units are described. Such cellulose ethers exhibit significantly higher thermoreversible gel strengths than any known hydroxyalkyl methyl celluloses of comparable viscosity and kind and level of substitution rendering them useful as additives for building compositions such as cement based tile adhesives. In particular, such cellulose ethers can be used to improve the attainable adhesion strength after heat storage conditioning and the temporal setting characteristics of a building composition.

Abstract: Flame retardant cellulose is prepared comprising cellulose fibers and an organophosphate compound bonded to the cellulose fibers. Accordingly, the bonded phosphate-functional group provides the cellulose fibers with pendant phosphate ester functionality. Numerous phosphate derivatives can be envisaged that will accomplish the intended task.

Abstract: Described is a microfluidic process for manufacturing partially cross-linked alginate solution, wherein the alginate solution is a homogenous liquid which exhibits an elastic response (G?) which is equal to or greater than its viscous response (G?). In particular, the process may comprise microfluidic mixing of sodium alginate and calcium gluconate solutions to provide an injectable partially cross-linked alginate solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing a glucopyranosyl-substituted benzyl-benzene derivative of general formula III, wherein R1 is defined according to claim 1.

Abstract: The present technology provides processes for cross-linking cellulose ethers under mild conditions. The processes include exposing a substantially dry cellulose ether film to a polyisocyanate to provide a cross-linked cellulose ether film, wherein the substantially dry cellulose ether film comprises alkoxide groups on the cellulose. The resulting cellulose ether films are highly cross-linked by polyurethane linkages and may be used as membranes in a variety of applications.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of compounds having inhibitory activity against sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) being present in the intestine or kidney.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of engineering plants to modulate galactan content. Specifically, the disclosure provides methods for engineering a plant to increase the galactan content in a plant tissue by inducing expression of beta-1,4-galactan synthase (GALS), modulated by a heterologous promoter. Further disclosed are the methods of modulating expression level of GALS under the regulation of a transcription factor, as well as overexpression of UDP-galactose epimerse in the same plant tissue. Tissue specific promoters and transcription factors can be used in the methods are also provided.

Abstract: Flame retardant cellulose acetate is prepared comprising cellulose acetate flakes and an organophosphate compound bonded to the cellulose acetate flakes. Accordingly, the bonded phosphate-functional group provides the cellulose acetate flakes with pendant phosphate ester functionality. Numerous phosphate derivatives can be envisaged that will accomplish the intended task.

Abstract: Scaffold comprises a polymer defining macropores and comprising hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, which is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group. The macropores have an average pore size larger than 50 microns and are at least partially interconnected. In one method, bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous aqueous phase and a continuous polymer phase is formed. The polymer phase comprises hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, and is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group to form a polymer defining at least partially interconnected pores. In another method, phase separation is induced in a solution comprising a polymer precursor and water to form a bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous polymer phase and a continuous aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process for producing a silane-modified cationized polymeric compound, the process including the steps of: (1) cationizing a water-soluble polymeric compound in a mixed solvent of a water-miscible organic solvent and water in the presence of an alkali to produce a slurry containing a cationized polymeric compound, (2) adding an aminosilane compound to the slurry or a cake produced therefrom, thereby treating the cationized polymeric compound with the aminosilane compound, (3) optionally adding an acid to the slurry obtained in step (1) or a product obtained in step (2), and (4) drying a product obtained in step (2) or a product obtained by performing step (3) after step (2), wherein the drying step (4) includes a primary drying treatment step of performing drying at a temperature of 50 to 140° C. under a degree of vacuum of 4.0 to 53.3 kPa, and a secondary drying treatment step of drying the product obtained following the primary drying treatment at a temperature of 90 to 155° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a ?-glycoside compound represented by formula (3), characterized in that the process includes causing to react a cyclic alkene compound represented by formula (1) or (2) with a nucleophile in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to conjugates of products of interest including glycoproteins, nanoparticles, and imaging agents and of compounds of the general formula (1): that target the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor with a high affinity. The invention also relates to their applications, for instance in enzyme replacement therapies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-toxic process and system for pilot-scale production of cellulose products, and particularly to a process and system for pilot-scale production of cellulose products by using aqueous sodium hydroxide/urea solution pre-colled to lower than ?8° C., in which cellulose could dissolved rapidly. The said process and system can be used to produce fibers, films, chromatographic packings, or nonwovens of regenerated cellulose, as well as to produce a variety of high added-value products by adding other materials such as functional materials, nano-materials, etc.

Abstract: This invention concerns the first environmentally benign heterogeneous modification of polysaccharide-based material in native solid state by thiol-ene “click chemistry”. The direct reaction of a thiol with an un-activated double or triple bond by thiol-ene and thiol-enyne click modification is thermally or photochemically catalyzed and is completely metal-free and allows for a highly modular approach to modifications of fibers and fiber-based materials.

Abstract: Cellulose may be converted into simple sugars such as glucose by contacting the cellulose with a compound effective to catalytically cleave the ether bonds of the cellulose. The compound may be a vitamin, a porphyrin, flavins, pyridoxal-containing molecules, and/or a compound containing at least one ylide functional group. The cellulose may be carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which may be made by reacting cellulose with chloroacetic acid and a base such as NaOH. The compound may be vitamins (B1, B2, B6, or B12), phosphonium ylides, sulfonium ylides, sulfoxonium ylides, carbonyl ylides, oxonium ylides, asomethine ylides, iminium ylides, halonium ylides, and combinations thereof. The free glucose may be used for fermentation, converted to a biofuel and for other applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, enantiomer or racemic mixture thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, —OH, alkyl, —CF3, —OCHF2, —OCF3 or halogen; R3 is cycloalkyl, —OCH2CF3, —OCH2CHF2, —OCH2CH2F or —OCH2CH3; R4 is hydrogen, —OH, —O aryl, —OCH2 aryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, —CF3, —OCHF2, —OCF3, —OCH2CF3, —OCH2CHF2, —OCH2CH2F or halogen; A is —CX1X2, wherein X1 and X2 are each independently H, F and Cl, and when both X1 and X2 are H, R3 is not —OCH2CH3. The compound has an activity of inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose transport protein. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the compound, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound, use of the compound and pharmaceutical composition thereof in preparing medicaments of SGLT2 inhibitors and treating related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes (e.g., arylation reaction) for stereoselectively preparing C-arylglucosides that can be useful as synthetic building block or drugs, including SGLT2 inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing low fibrillating cellulose fibers by a dry-jet-wet spinning process wherein cellulose is treated with a solvent containing imidazolium ionic salt in a spinneret maintained at a temperature of 100-120° C. and the spun fibers drawn to the coagulation bath containing ionic salt with the draw ratio less than 5, to produce fibers with fibrillating index less than or equal to 3.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to internally functionalized graphene substrates, methods of making such substrates and methods of using such substrates. In one aspect, the present invention is a graphene substrate. The substrate comprises edge and non-edge regions. Organic or inorganic molecules are bound to the non-edge regions of the substrate, and the organic or inorganic molecules are present on the substrate edges at a population greater than about one molecule per 10,000 nm2.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a method for decontaminating starch hydrolysates from which glucose polymers for producing peritoneal dialysis solutions will be prepared.

Abstract: Metal-accumulating plants for preparing compositions including a metal catalyst derived from the plants. The composition is substantially devoid of organic matter. Also, carrying out chemical reactions with the compositions prepared from metal-accumulating plants.

Abstract: The present specification discloses fluid compositions comprising a matrix polymer and stabilizing component, methods of making such fluid compositions, and methods of treating skin conditions in an individual using such fluid compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for producing a very low viscosity cellulose ether having little or no discoloration and cellulose ether products resulting therefrom. The method includes contacting a cellulose ether with an oxidizing agent and an acid to form a mixture. The mixture is then heated and neutralized. The method includes adding a second oxidizing agent to the mixture and forming a very low viscosity cellulose ether having a viscosity from 1.2 cP to less than 2 cP. The very low viscosity ether may also have an APHA color value of 1 to 100.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for selectively producing a cellulose ether derivative with a very high reaction efficiency of an organohalide compound. There is provided a process for producing a cellulose ether derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose in which a low-crystalline powdery cellulose having a crystallinity of 50% or less is reacted with an organohalide compound such as ethylene chlorohydrin, a monohaloacetic acid and a salt of the monohaloacetic acid in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The present process provides an improved method for the preparation of 4-amino-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one of the formula (IV) which is a potent inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase.

Abstract: A process for producing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) involves providing a cellulosic material, contacting the cellulosic material with an inorganic persulfate at an elevated temperature to produce CNCs, and recovering the CNCs. The process permits one-step production of CNCs from vegetative biomasses such as flax and hemp. Cellulose nanocrystals produced by the process with carboxylic groups are more uniform and have higher aspect ratios than CNCs produced by prior art processes.

Abstract: Use of 9,10-anthraquinone compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutical salts thereof or plant extracts containing said compounds in the preparation of anti-HCV medicaments is disclosed, in which Y1 are Y2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl or groups of formula (II); and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, cyano group, nitro group, groups of formula (III) or groups selected from those substituted or unsubstituted groups: amino, C1-C6 aliphatic hydrocarbon, C3-C7 cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon, C1-C6 alkoxy, C2-C7 carbalkoxy, C1-C4 acyloxy, C6-C20 aryl, or 5 to 7 members heterocyclic or benzoheterocyclic thereof; or R5 and R6 form the group of formula (IV). The compounds of present invention are cheap, safe and effective because that they mostly come from traditional Chinese medicines and have better anti-HCV effects and lighter side effects.

Abstract: An immunogenic composition having 13 distinct polysaccharide-protein conjugates and optionally, an aluminum-based adjuvant, is described. Each conjugate contains a capsular polysaccharide prepared from a different serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F) conjugated to a carrier protein. The immunogenic composition, formulated as a vaccine, increases coverage against pneumococcal disease in infants and young children globally, and provides coverage for serotypes 6A and 19A that is not dependent on the limitations of serogroup cross-protection. Also described is a method for making an immunogenic conjugate comprising Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 polysaccharide covalently linked to a carrier protein, the method including partial de-O-acetylation of the polysaccharide by mild hydrolysis in an alkaline pH buffer.