Abstract: The present invention provides a protective agent for nervous system structural cells comprising a prostaglandin I derivative, preferably a prostaglandin I2 derivative, particularly beraplost, as an active component. This medicine exhibits excellent effects as a protective agent for nervous system structural cells, and is effective as an excellent agent for preventing or curing cerebrovascular disorder, cerebral nerve cell disorder, ischemic cerebral disorder, dementia, and peripheral nerve disorder due to diabetic or the like.

Abstract: Provided are liquid crystalline compounds having excellent physical properties and being excellent in miscibility with other liquid crystal materials; liquid crystal compositions comprising the crystalline compound; and liquid crystal display device fabricated by using the liquid crystal composition; the liquid crystalline compounds being specific chlorobenzene derivatives expressed by the general formula (1) Ra—A1—Z1—A2&Parenopenst;Z2—A3&Parenclosest;m&Parenopenst;Z3—A4&Parenclosest;nRb  (1) wherein Ra, Rb, A1 to A4, Z1 to Z3, m, and n are herein defined.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the formula: or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof wherein: n is an integer; R1 represents an organic or inorganic group; R2 represents halogen or C1-C6 alkyl; RN is an alkylene carrying a substituted piperazine, piperidine, or tetrahydropyridine; and R4 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, which compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prevention of neuropsychological disorders including, but not limited to, schizophrenia, mania, dementia, depression, anxiety, compulsive behavior, substance abuse, Parkinson-like motor disorders and motion disorders related to the use of neuroleptic agents.

Abstract: A binaphthol monophosphoric acid derivative of the following formula (1), (2), (3) or (4): wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 which are independent of one another, is hydrogen, a C2-20 linear or branched alkenyl group, a C2-20 linear or branched alkynyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl group having its nucleus substituted at the 1- to 4-carbon atom by a C1-10 linear or branched alkyl group, a phenyl group having its nucleus substituted at the 1- to 4-carbon atom by a C2-10 linear or branched alkenyl group, a phenyl group having its nucleus substituted at the 1- to 4-carbon atom by a C2-10 linear or branched alkynyl group, a naphthyl group or a C3-8 cycloalkyl group, provided that R1 to R4 are not simultaneously hydrogen, wherein each of R5, R6, R7 and R8 which are independent of one another, essentially the same as R1, R2, R3 and R4.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cyclic imines of the formula (I) in which Ar1 and Ar2 each represent substituted phenyl and n represents 1, to a process for their preparation and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of propylene to an acrolein derivative by converting propylene to acrolein and converting acrolein to the acrolein derivative. The processes utilize oxygen and recycle propane to the acrolein reactor. Process feeds can comprise, propane, propylene or mixtures thereof. The presence of propane in the propylene-to-acrolein reaction can enhance the efficiency of the processes.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions which are useful for the treatment of cancer or illnesses which arise due to an abnormally elevated cell proliferation comprise acyl derivatives of aromatic aldehydes, especially arylidene diesters and .alpha.-alkoxyarylidene esters of general formula (I).

Abstract: Novel cyclic ether vitamin D3 compounds having a cyclic ether side chain are disclosed. These compounds were first identified as metabolites of 3-epi vitamin D3 produced via a tissue-specific metabolic pathway which catalyzes the formation of a cyclic ether structure. Also disclosed are 1.alpha.(OH) 3-epi vitamin D3 compounds, which are produced via the epimerization of a 3-.beta.-hydroxyl group of 1.alpha.(OH) vitamin D3 precursor in vivo. The vitamin D3 compounds of the present invention can be used as substitutes for natural and synthetic vitamin D3 compounds.

Abstract: The invention concerns Diels-Alder reactions between non-activated aldehydes RCHO in which R is a C1-C10 aliphatic group or phenyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-C5 alkyl groups or one other functional group, with simple aliphatic dienes R.sub.1 CH.dbd.CR.sub.2 --CR.sub.3 .dbd.CHR.sub.4 in which R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 are H or C1-C5 alkyl groups using as a catalyst a perfluorinated organic sulphonic acid or a Bronsted acid derivative thereof. The reaction leads to dihydropyrans of the structure below in which R1-R4 have the meaning indicated above.The preferred perfluorinated organic sulfonic acids are perfluorooctanesulphonic acid, triflic acid, Nafion or a Bronsted acid derivative of triflic acid. ##STR1## The preferred aldehydes are those wherein R is a C2-C6 aliphatic group or a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or mono-substituted with C1-C3 alkyl or with 4-Cl, 4-nitro or 3-methoxy. The preferred dienes are those wherein the groups R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 are H or methyl.

Abstract: A set of 4,7-dichlororhodamine compounds useful as fluorescent dyes are disclosed having the structures ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, amido, nitrite, lower alkoxy, linking group, or, when taken together, R.sub.1 and R.sub.6 is benzo, or, when taken together, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is benzo; R.sub.7 -R.sub.10, R.sub.12 -R.sub.16 and R.sub.18 may be hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, amido, nitrite, lower alkoxy, linking group; R.sub.11 and R.sub.17 may be hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, phenyl, aryl, linking group; Y.sub.1 -Y.sub.4 are hydrogen, lower alkyl, or cycloalkyl, or, when taken together, Y.sub.1 and R.sub.2, Y.sub.2 and R.sub.1 Y.sub.3 and R.sub.3, and/or Y.sub.4 and R.sub.4 is propano, ethano, or substituted forms thereof, and X.sub.1 -X.sub.

Abstract: The dihalopropene compounds of the general formula [I ] have excellent insecticidal/acaricidal activity, so that they are satisfactorily effective for the control of noxious insects, mites and ticks.

Abstract: Unsaturated cyclic ethers of the formula I ##STR1## whereZ is --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q -- or --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q --O--,q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 andR.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4 are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylare prepared by reacting diols of the formula II ##STR2## where Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, in the liquid phase at from 150 to 300.degree. C. in the presence of a cobalt-containing supported catalyst which has not been activated by reduction before use and comprises cobalt and a noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium or a mixture thereof applied by sol impregnation on an inert support, wherein the supported catalyst is doped with sulfur. Sulfur-doped supported catalysts comprising cobalt and noble metals are also provided.

Abstract: A stain for a nucleic acid characterized by containing, as an effective component, a pyrylium salt compound having Y as a negative portion and a pyrylium ring or a pyrylium-similar ring, wherein the ring is comprised of X selected from O, S, Se and Te as a hetero atom and has substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a hydrogen atom, sulfonate group, amino group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., R.sup.3 is -A or -L-A, L is -L.sup.1 -, -L.sup.2 -L.sup.3 - or -L.sup.4 -L.sup.5 -L.sup.6 -, and each of L.sup.1 to L.sup.6 is independently --(CH.dbd.CH)--, a divalent group derived from the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., A is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., and Y.sup.- is an anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: A class of 4,7-dichlororhodamine compounds useful as fluorescent dyes are disclosed having the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, amido, nitrile, lower alkoxy, linking group, or combinations thereof, or, when taken together, R.sub.1 and R.sub.6 is benzo, or, when taken together, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is benzo; Y.sub.1 -Y.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl, or, when taken together, Y.sub.1 and R.sub.2, Y.sub.2 and R.sub.1 Y.sub.3 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.4 and R.sub.4 is propano, ethano, or substituted forms thereof; and X.sub.1 -X.sub.3 taken separately are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, lower alkyl, carboxylate, sulfonic acid, --CH.sub.2 OH, and linking group. In another aspect, the invention includes reagents labeled with the 4,7-chlororhodamine dye compounds, including deoxynucleotides, dideoxynucleotides, and polynucleotides.

Abstract: Polycyclic alkaloids of formula (I), wherein R.sub.1 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.6-12 aryl optionally substituted with polar groups; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently H, OH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, --C(NH)--NH.sub.2, a positively charged group, or C.sub.7-13 aralkyl optionally substituted with NH.sub.2, OH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or halogen; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form a 5 to 6 member ring optionally incorporating a heteroatom; R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, OR.sub.6, SR.sub.6, or N(R.sub.6).sub.2, wherein each R.sub.6 is independently H, C.sub.1-3 alkyl; X ix O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, or N--R.sub.5, wherein each R.sub.5 is independently H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or C.sub.7-13 aralkyl optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatom; n is an integer from 0 to 2; and m is an integer from 0 to 3. These compounds act as antagonists at the ionotropic NMDA (N-methyl-(D)-aspartic acid) receptor.

Abstract: The invention concerns hydrazonoacetic acid amides of general formula (I), a process for producing them, and the use of the said amides as pesticides. In the formula shown, the following meanings apply: A stands for a simple bond or optionally substituted alkylene; Q stands for oxygen or sulphur, R.sup.1 stands for optionally substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl; R.sup.2 stands for hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different and each stand for hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound form an optionally substituted heterocyclyl ring; R.sup.5 stands for optionally substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or heterocyclyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing myxopyronins and corallopyronins, compounds useful as antibacterial therapeutics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter which are useful for the preparation of pyronin antibiotics.

Abstract: Novel .alpha.-pyrones are described. The .alpha.-pyrones are useful in a method for controlling .alpha.-pyrone responsive states in a mammal. The method includes administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an .alpha.-pyrone such that control of .alpha.-pyrone responsive states in a mammal occurs. .alpha.-Pyrone responsive states can be associated with undesirable cell proliferation such as bacteria or cancer. Packaged pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions including the novel .alpha.-pyrones are also described.

Abstract: The invention is novel analogs of 9-cis-retinoic acid which are useful for the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease and to protect against premature atherosclerosis by increasing HDL levels. The invention includes processes for preparing the novel 9-cis-retinoic acid analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nodulosporic acid derivatives, which are acaricidal, antiparasitic, insecticidal and anthelmintic agents.

Abstract: Described are novel photochromic indeno-fused naphthopyran compounds, examples of which are naphthopyran compounds having a substituted or unsubstituted indeno group, the 2,1 positions of which are fused to the f side of the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran, and having certain substituents at the 3-position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13 carbon atoms of the compounds. These compounds may be represented by the following graphic formula: ##STR1## Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Optically clear articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., certain other naphthopyrans, benzopyrans and spiro(indoline)type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds which are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and which can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins. Specifically, the present invention relates to carbene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: M is Os or Ru; R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from hydrogen and functional groups C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxylate, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfinyl; each optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or with a phenyl group optionally substituted with a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy; X and X.sup.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing cyclic ethers by liquid phase reaction, which comprises using a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite as the catalyst, and subjecting an alkanediol to cyclodehydration at a temperature less than the boiling point of the alkanediol to obtain the corresponding cyclic ether.

Abstract: To provide a simple process for economically preparing a dihydropyrane compound at a high productivity and a high reaction yield.To use a compound selected from the group consisting of a base and a compound (VIII) having a weaker coordination power to the Lewis acid than the aldehyde compound and having an activity to dissolve the Lewis acid, coordinated by the compound (VIII), in a solvent as a co-catalyst in reacting aldehyde with a diene compound in the presence of a Lewis acid to prepare a 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrane compound represented by formula (III): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl group which may be substituted with alkyl group, having 6 to 12 total carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved process for production of an isomer mixture of Z- and E-2-?2-Methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl-!-4-methyl-tetrahydropyran, more commonly known under the name cis- and trans-rose oxide, which as a rule contains at least 80% of the natural Z-isomers (cis-rose oxide) which are valuable in the perfume industry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of cytokine restraining agents to treat inflammatory bowel disease.

Abstract: A perfume composition which contains a (4R)-cis-4-methyl-2-substituted-tetrahydro-2H-pyran derivative represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein ---- represents a single or double bond, and a method for improving fragrance by using this perfume composition.

Abstract: A class of 4,7-dichlororhodamine compounds useful as fluorescent dyes are disclosed having the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.6 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, amido, nitrile, lower alkoxy, lining group, or combinations thereof or, when taken together, R.sub.1 and R.sub.6 is benzo, or, when taken together, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is benzo; Y.sub.1 -Y.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl or, when taken together, Y.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is propano and Y.sub.2 and R.sub.1 is propano, or, when taken together, Y.sub.3 and R.sub.3 is propano and Y.sub.4 and R.sub.4 is propano; and X.sub.1 -X.sub.3 taken separately are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, lower alkyl carboxylate, sulfonic acid, --CH.sub.2 OH, and linking group. In another aspect, the invention includes reagents labeled with the 4,7-dichlororhodamine dye compounds, including deoxynucleotides, dideoxynucleotides, and polynucleotides.

Abstract: A 2H-5,6-optically active dihydropyran derivative represented by the general formula (I) or (I'): ##STR1## wherein Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device comprising the derivative; and a racemic mixture comprising at least one type of the derivative. The derivative is a novel compound which exhibits the liquid crystal property by itself or can be used as an excellent dopant providing a high speed response to a composition comprising it even when the compound does not exhibit the liquid crystal property by itself. The derivative also exhibits a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high specificity ligands for progesterone receptors are disclosed. The compounds include synthetic derivatives of cyclocymopol and its diastereomers, spectroscopically and chromatographically pure (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, which functions as a progesterone receptor antagonist, and spectroscopically and chromatographically pure (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, which functions as a progesterone receptor agonist. Also disclosed are methods for employing the disclosed compounds for modulating processes mediated by progesterone receptors and for treating patients requiring progesterone receptor agonist or antagonist therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyhydric phenol compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a saccharide moiety;A and B are hydrogen atoms or form together a C--C bond;R.sub.1 is a hydroxy group and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form together an oxygen atom;Z is a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxy group or a N-(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl group;X* is a radioactive halogen isotope; andm and n are 0 or 1, with the proviso, that m is 1 if n is 0, andthat m is 0 if n is 1.The radiolabelled phenol compounds can be used for diagnosis and therapy.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of unsaturated cyclic ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Z denotes --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q or --(CHR.sup.4).sub.q --O--q is 0, 1, 2 or 3 andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl from diols of the general formula II ##STR2## in which, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 have the aforementioned meanings, in the presence of a cobalt-containing supported catalyst, wherein the cobalt-containing supported catalyst used contains cobalt and a noble metal--selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium, or mixtures thereof--in an atomic ratio of from 0.5:1 to 70000:1 on an inert support and optionally basic alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, or mixtures thereof and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at temperatures ranging from 150.degree. to 300.degree.

Abstract: Simple methods for producing 3,7-dimethyl-5,7-octadiene-1-ol and rose oxide are disclosed. Each of the methods comprises only one step in which the raw material, 3,7-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-7-octene-1-ol is dehydrated or further cyclized by heating while stirring at 80.degree. to 160.degree. C. in the presence of a zero-valent or divalent phosphine-palladium complex, or a combination of zero-valent or divalent palladium and a phosphorous compound having coordinating capabilities such as the combination of palladium acetate and triphenylphosphine. The methods give high yields and have cost saving characteristics.

Abstract: Novel odorant compositions which are characterized by a content of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofurans of structures 1 or 2, or tetrahydropyrans of structure 3. ##STR1## wherein R can be an acyclic, where acyclic refers to a chain of at least four carbon atoms substituted with at least three methyl groups in the chain, carbocyclic, where carbocyclic refers to a ring of 5-8 carbon atoms, and with at least two methyl groups on the ring, or bicyclic where bicyclic refers to two carbon tings, each ring having between 5-8 carbon atoms fused together, substituted with at least two methyl groups, and where R.sub.1 =CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group, R.sub.2 =H, CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group, R.sub.3 =H, or CH.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 =H, CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain 1,3,3-(trisubstituted)cyclohex-1-ene monomers and related compounds which are useful in treating allergic and inflammatory diseases and for inhibiting the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).

Abstract: A stain for a nucleic acid characterized by containing, as an effective component, a pyrylium salt compound having Y as a negative portion and a pyrylium ring or a pyrylium-similar ring, wherein the ring is comprised of X selected from O, S, Se and Te as a hetero atom and has substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a hydrogen atom, sulfonate group, amino group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., R.sup.3 is -A or -L-A, L is -L.sup.1 -, -L.sup.2 -L.sup.3 - or -L.sup.4 -L.sup.5 -L.sup.6 -, and each of L.sup.1 to L.sup.6 is independently --(CH.dbd.CH)--, a divalent group derived from the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., A is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., and Y.sup.- is an anion.

Abstract: An optically active tetrahydropyran derivative represented by one of the following general formulae, a liquid crystal composition containing the derivative, and a liquid crystal device containing the composition are disclosed. The optically active tetrahydropyran derivative is a novel compound which is chemically stable, causes no coloring, has excellent optical stability, and shows a large spontaneous polarization and a quick response. The optically active tetrahydropyran derivative can show a more excellent quick response when it is used in a composition, and is useful as a component in a ferroelectric liquid crystal which induces a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: The subject invention provides substrates useful for analyzing the metabolic activity in cells by improving the retention of a detectable reporter molecule only in intact cells where a particular enzyme is present. In particular, improved retention results from a two part process involving conjugation of haloalkyl-substituted derivatives of a reporter molecule with intracellular cysteine-containing peptides while unblocking the reporter molecule. The substrates have the formXR-SPACER-REPORTER-BLOCKwherein -BLOCK is a group selected to be removable by action of a specific analyte, to give REPORTER spectral properties different from those of the substrate,-REPORTER- is a molecule that, when no longer bound to BLOCK by a BLOCK-REPORTER bond, has spectral properties different from those of the substrate,-SPACER- is a covalent linkage, andXR- is a haloalkyl moiety that can covalently react with an intracellular thiol (Z-S-H) to form a thioether conjugate (Z-S-R-).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the epoxidation of olefins using cyclohexyl hydroperoxide as reactant, the improvement being using a secondary or tertiary alcohol such as cyclohexanol or tertiary butyl alcohol as a stabilizing agent during the epoxidation, the alcohol stabilizer being fed to the epoxidation reaction zone in an amount greater than 3 moles per mole of hydroperoxide fed to the epoxidation reaction zone.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is O or S;Y is O or S;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkynyloxy, mono-, di- or tri-halomethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 branched alkylthio, nitro, or cyano;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, mono-, di- or tri-halomethyl;R.sup.4 isa) C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, preferably one or two methyl;orb) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently, hydrogen or linear or branched, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkynyl, and R.sup.8 is C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; andR.sup.5 is an acyclic or cyclic side chain as defined herein.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I ##STR1## and their pharmaceutical acceptable salts, which are defined herein, are ligands for cholecystokinin and/or gastrin receptors.

Abstract: Novel odorant compositions which are characterized by a content of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofurans of structures 1 or 2, or tetrahydropyrans of structure 3. ##STR1## wherein R can be an acyclic, where acyclic refers to a chain of at least four carbon atoms substituted with at least three methyl groups in the chain, carbocyclic, where carbocyclic refers to a ring of 5-8 carbon atoms, and with at least two methyl groups on the ring, or bicyclic where bicyclic refers to two carbon rings, each ring having between 5-8 carbon atoms fused together, substituted with at least two methyl groups, and where R.sub.1 .dbd.CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group, R.sub.2 .dbd.H, CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group, R.sub.3 .dbd.H, or CH.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 .dbd.H, CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group.

Abstract: .beta.- or .gamma.-Ketoesters and .beta.- or .gamma.-ketoamides are asymmetrically reduced with a Ru(II)-BINAP derived catalyst at about 40.degree. C. and about 50N/mm.sup.2 of hydrogen in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## (where R.sub.1 is an admantyl group; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group or an aralkyl group; R.sub.3 is a 1,4-benzodioxane ring that may optionally have 1-4 substituents selected from among a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group and a lower alkylcarbonyl group; n is an integer of 1-4) or a salt thereof. These compounds have both antianxiety and antidepressant actions and yet they cause less side effects. Therefore, they can be used as excellent drugs that are highly effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as neurosis. psychosomatic diseases, autonomic imbalance and depression.

Abstract: There are disclosed a novel optically active tetrahydropyrane derivatives (for example, (2R,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane; (2S,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane, etc. may be mentioned.) represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## or (I'): ##STR2## wherein symbols in the formula are as described in the specification, which is available as a liquid crystal material used for a display device or an electro-optic device, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device containing the same.The optically active tetrahydropyrane derivative of the present invention can improve high speed response particularly when it is made a composition, and is available as a compositional component for a ferroelectric liquid crystal which induces a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel potassium channel agonists which are useful in activating the calcium activated Maxi-K potassium channel in mammalian neuronal and smooth muscle tissue. The claimed compounds are of the general formula: ##STR1## In addition, a novel microbiological process for producing the claimed compounds is described.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing trimethyl and dimethylmethylene propyl polyhydropyran derivatives including compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## which defines a mixture wherein in the mixture, in each of the compounds one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond as well as the compound having the structure: ##STR2## products produced thereby; perfumery uses of such products; process intermediates of such process including compounds defined according to the structures: ##STR3## wherein X represents chloro or bromo.

Abstract: There are disclosed a novel optically active tetrahydropyrane derivatives (for example, (2R,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane; (2S,5R,6R)-tetrahydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2-hexyloxy-5-(4"-hexyloxybiphenyl) -4'-carbonyloxy)pyrane, etc. may be mentioned.) represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## or (I'): ##STR2## wherein symbols in the formula are as described in the specification, which is available as a liquid crystal material used for a display device or an electro-optic device, a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal device containing the same.The optically active tetrahydropyrane derivative of the present invention can improve high speed response particularly when it is made a composition, and is available as a compositional component for a ferroelectric liquid crystal which induces a large spontaneous polarization.

Abstract: Higher order cuprate complexes are prepared by means of a transmetalation from a corresponding zirconate intermediate. This process is particularly valuable with respect to the preparation of vinylic side chains such as are present in prostaglandins, as it is possible in accordance with the present invention to proceed directly from the acetylenic precursors via the reactive cuprates to the desired final products in a one-pot operation without isolation of intermediates and in high yields. Sequential additions to zirconium intermediates of components which together comprise the cuprate involved in transmetalation with the zirconium intermediate are disclosed as alternative procedures.