Abstract: System for selecting an intervention based on effective age, system including at least a server designed and configured to obtain user data from a user database. The server further configured to project an actuarial life expectancy using a user chronological age. The server further configured to calculate a variance between the actuarial life expectancy and a projected actual mortality date, including receiving training data correlating an aspect of the user data to the variance, generating a machine learning model that receives one or more aspects of the user data as inputs and produces an output of the variance, and determining the variance using the machine learning model. The server further configured to generate a plurality of interventions including an intervention vector, wherein each intervention vector entry indicates a degree of impact. The server further configured to select an intervention as a function of the degrees of impact and the variance.

Abstract: In one implementation, systems and methods are provided for processing digital experience information. A computer-implemented system for processing digital experience information may comprise a central data location. The central data location may comprise a connector that may be configured to receive information belonging to a category from an information source; an event backbone that may be configured to route the information received by the connector based on the category; a translator that may be configured to transform the received information into a common data model; and a database that may be configured to store the received information. The event backbone may be further configured to send information to the connector from the event backbone and the database based on one or more criteria.

Abstract: A subcutaneously implantable device includes a housing, a first prong, and a second prong. A first electrode on the first prong is configured to contact the first lung. A second electrode on the device is configured to contact the first lung or a second lung. A third electrode on the second prong is configured to contact the heart or the tissue surrounding the heart. Sensing circuitry in the housing in electrical communication with the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode is configured to measure an impedance in the first lung and/or the second lung, and/or a transthoracic impedance across the first lung and the second lung through the first electrode and the second electrode, and to measure an electrical signal from the heart through the third electrode.

Abstract: A system evaluates residential satisfaction of residents living in a building, based on personal tendencies of the residents and sensing data collected through sensors in the building. The system may include a server that evaluates the residential satisfaction of the residents by analyzing a correlation between the sensing data and residential satisfaction information obtained from the survey conducted through a communication manner including the user terminals. The server may control an air conditioning system in the building of a control target by predicting a feature-based preferred section of the users through random forest model learning.

Abstract: A server is configured to manage a network of participant devices that are distributed across a plurality of participants in a virtually managed competitive event. Events may be configured and offered via the platform, and participants that have devices meeting certain requirements may register for events. Events that have a high goal for accuracy and verifiability may require a smartphone and smartwatch to be possessed and worn throughout the event in order to gather GPS data, step count, heart rate, fingerprint data, facial recognition images, and other verification data before, during, and after the event. Where data cannot be verified and indicates a technical error or falsification of data, participants may be warned, and their results may be flagged to indicate that they are not verifiable and may be erroneous. Event results may be provided for a plurality of participants with information indicating the accuracy and verifiability of individual results.

Abstract: A medical services kiosk supporting private and secure telemedicine sessions between a patient and a remote network terminal utilized by a remote health care professional. The medical services kiosk comprising at least one privacy chamber having at least one door and at least one window. Each privacy chamber may include a user interactive display terminal that includes a display device, an input device, and a centralized processor, wherein the centralized processor is electronically communicable with the remote network terminal and a cloud based system. Each patient station may each include at least one documentation receiving device, at least one biometric device for obtaining biometric health measurements of the patient utilizing the at least one patient station, an arm mechanism, a seating mechanism, a camera, a retractable diagnostic camera device, a lighting mechanism that lights the privacy chamber, and a purification system.

Abstract: Techniques for tracking a progression of a therapeutic procedure that is performed by a patient are disclosed. A notification is received from a server computer system. This notification relates to a tracking process designed to monitor a progress of the patient in performing the therapeutic procedure. After receipt of the notification, a UI is displayed. This UI has a particular visual layout that is designed to facilitate the tracking process. In response to a particular field being selected within the UI, a secret key that de-identifies the patient is accessed. The accessed secret key and a specific image are then encrypted. As a consequence, encrypted data is generated. The encrypted data is then transmitted to the server computer system.

Abstract: A system and method for providing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation risk notifications in real time or near-real time is described. Rescue and controller medication events are detected by sensors associated with the patient's medicament device/s, and provide a basis to determine to rescue and controller medication use trends for the patient. This data is analyzed to determine the patient's risk for COPD exacerbation after each event, and is used to send notifications to one or both of the patient and their health care provider.

Abstract: This application is generally related to identifying or otherwise programming one or more cycling parameters for operation of an implantable pulse generator to provide a neurostimulation therapy to a patient using a non-paresthesia stimulation pattern. In some embodiments, the cycling parameter is selected by measuring physiological signals during trial stimulation. In other embodiments, multiple cycling parameters are identified for use by the patient using a patient controller device.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device includes a body, a housing component, a band operable to attach the body to a body part of a user, and a force sensor coupled to the housing component. The force sensor is operable to produce a force signal based on a force exerted between the body part of the user and the housing component. A processing unit of the wearable electronic device receives the force signal from the force sensor and determines the force exerted on the housing component based thereon. The processing unit may use that force to determine a tightness of the band, determine health information for the user, adjust determined force exerted on a cover glass, and/or to perform various other actions.

Abstract: Systems and methods for non-invasive blood pressure measurement are disclosed. In some embodiments, a system comprises a wearable member configured to generate first and second signals, and a blood pressure calculation system. The blood pressure calculation system a pre-processing module configured to filter noise from the signals, and a wave selection module configured to identify subsets of waves of the signals, a feature extraction module configured to generate sets of feature vectors form the subsets of waves, and a blood pressure processing module configured to calculate an arterial blood pressure value based on the sets of feature vectors and an empirical blood pressure calculation model, the empirical blood pressure calculation model configured to receive the sets of feature vectors as input values. The blood pressure calculation system further includes a communication module configured to provide a message including or being based on the arterial blood pressure value.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and system for adjusting medicament doses. A method of providing a medication dose adjustment using a computing device comprises: receiving an adjustment cycle time period; receiving a threshold number of dose and blood glucose measurement pairs, the threshold number of dose and blood glucose measurement pairs being less than a total number of potential dose and blood glucose measurement pairs possible in the adjustment time cycle period; receiving a dose and blood glucose measurement pair; determining if a total number of dose and blood glucose measurement pairs received within a current adjustment cycle time period meets the threshold number, the current adjustment cycle time period depending on the received adjustment cycle time period; in response to a positive determination, determining if a dose adjustment is required based on the dose and blood glucose measurement pairs received within an adjustment cycle time period; and outputting the dose adjustment.

Abstract: Prediction of a disease onset risk is enabled by focusing on characteristic change in biological information depending on a time period. A prediction device SV acquires blood pressure data and determination data on irregular pulse waves and acquires input data indicating a sleep time period or information indicating a determination result of a sleep condition. Further, based on the input data indicating the sleep time period or the information indicating the determination result of the sleep condition, the sleep time period is set as a prediction target period and is divided into a first half and a second half. A degree of change in the blood pressure data and a degree of change in frequency of occurrence of irregular pulse waves in each of the first half time period and the second half time period are calculated and multiplied. With this, a total risk in the sleep time period is calculated.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer-readable media are provided for applying performance data (e.g., Electronic Clinical Quality Measures (eCQM), Pay-for-Performance (P4P) measures, Meaningful Use (MU) measures) to a fantasy league health exchange. In aspects, a set of patient data for patients is determined. The set of patient data corresponds to a time interval of treatment of the patients by a population of clinicians. In addition, performance data is determined. The performance data corresponds to the population of clinicians and is based on the set of patient data and the time interval. Further, a provider ranking is determined using a classification model determined from the performance data and from explanatory attributes. The provider ranking can be used to forecast or project future performance results for selected individual or group providers. Further, the provider rankings can be used for draft picks, roster submission, or bets placed in a fantasy league exchange system.

Abstract: A system for learning actual phacoemulsification energy setpoints at the time of occlusion breaks during ophthalmic surgery. Phacoemulsification energy setpoints may be recorded over different periods of time, such as during current cases and over a lifetime of cases. The recorded data would then be used to determine future phacoemulsification energy setting amounts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device, system and method for detection of pulse and/or pulse-related information of a patient.

Abstract: An electrocardiogram device configured to transmit at least one signal responsive to a wearer's cardiac electrical activity can include a disposable portion and a reusable portion configured to mechanically and electrically mate with each other. The disposable portion can include a base having at least one mechanical connector portion, a plurality of cables and corresponding external ECG electrodes, and a first plurality of electrical connectors associated with the plurality of cables. The reusable portion can include a cover having at least one mechanical connector portion, a second plurality of electrical connectors configured to electrically connect with the first plurality of electrical connectors of the disposable portion, and an output connector port configured to transmit at least one signal responsive to one or more signals outputted by the external ECG electrodes of the disposable portion.

Abstract: Computer-implemented systems and methods for sleep optimization are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the system includes one or more peripheral devices, a network, one or more networked computers, and one or more remote servers. The peripheral devices and/or the networked computers collect one or more types of sleep data, calculate one or more sleep parameters, and transmit said sleep parameters to the one or more remote servers. The remote servers then perform calculations to determine optimal sleep recommendations. The sleep recommendations are then output to one or more networked computers and/or one or more peripheral devices as adjustments to sleep time and sleep duration.

Abstract: A novel technique is provided that analyzes the state of life using multivariate data relating to life. A state visualization device includes: a coarse-graining portion configured to perform coarse-graining on values corresponding to a plurality of items included in sample data; a model creation portion configured to obtain, using binarized values, a mathematical model for calculating energies each fitting a frequency of occurrence of a state represented by a combination of values corresponding to the items; a graph creation portion configured to create a graph in which the state is placed in two-dimensional space; and an interpolation processing portion configured to create a landscape image by smoothing and interpolating a discrete graph.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to remote control of dialysis machines. In certain aspects, a method includes receiving a request for a network connection from a dialysis machine and establishing the network connection with the dialysis machine. The method also includes receiving, from a client device, a request to access the dialysis machine, authorizing the client device to access the dialysis machine, receiving, from the dialysis machine, information pertaining to an operation of the dialysis machine, and providing, to the client device, the received information.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods are provided for the integration of an analyte data reader and a medication delivery device. The integrated device can include a medication delivery portion, wireless communications circuitry configured to receive data indicative of an analyte level, and electronics. The integrated device can also include one or more near-field communication (NFC) antennas. Example embodiments of adverse condition protection features of the integrated device are also provided.

Abstract: A system for generating a pulmonary dysfunction nourishment program includes a computing device configured to receive at least a respiratory volume collection relating to a user, produce at least a respiratory parameter of a plurality of respiratory parameters as a function of the at least a respiratory volume collection, identify a functional signature as a function of the at least a respiratory parameter, wherein identifying further comprises receiving a conduct indicator, and identifying the functional signature as a function of the conduct indicator, the at least a respiratory parameter, and a functional machine-learning model, and generate a functional program as a function of the functional signature.

Abstract: Systems and methods for personalizing medicine utilizing the true state of the patient are provided. A number of medical records for a patient are subjected to predictive modeling for various conditions (known as patient ‘true state’). The patient personal information, previous care, and true state may be provided into a state machine in order to determine the resources needed for the patient. The medical resources may be any of laboratory services, diagnostics, therapies and medications. Using the true state information, and number of activities may be performed for the patient based upon the patient's needs. These activities include scheduling lab or diagnostic procedures in advance of an appointment, filling in documentation gaps, identifying items that require additional documentation using the true state, and tracking follow-up. It may also be beneficial to validate the true state.

Abstract: Pulmonary function estimation can include detecting one or more cough events from a time series of audio signals generated by an electronic device of a user. Based on the one or more cough events, one or more lung function metrics of the user can be determined.

Abstract: A device for distending a body lumen for enhanced visualization with a capsule endoscope that includes a camera lens includes an attachment element configured to attach to the capsule endoscope and a plurality of struts extending from the attachment element and meeting at an apex. The plurality of struts are configured to extend both axially and radially away from the camera lens so as to form a frame therearound.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a widget insertion request associated with an email message and customizing one or more options of the widget based on one or more user selections. The widget is inserted into a body of the email message. The widget provides one or more interactive services to a recipient of the email message based on the one or more options. The email message is sent with the widget to the recipient to allow the recipient to interact with the widget upon receiving the email message.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for assessing a mental state of a subject in a single session or over multiple different sessions, using for example an automated module to present and/or formulate at least one query based in part on one or more target mental states to be assessed. The query may be configured to elicit at least one response from the subject. The query may be transmitted in an audio, visual, and/or textual format to the subject to elicit the response. Data comprising the response from the subject can be received. The data can be processed using one or more individual, joint, or fused models. One or more assessments of the mental state associated with the subject can be generated for the single session, for each of the multiple different sessions, or upon completion of one or more sessions of the multiple different sessions.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure are directed to methods and apparatuses used for slow wave activity (SWA) optimization. An example method includes receiving one or more bio-signals from a user and classifying sleep stages by processing the bio-signals. The method further include determining dominant peripheral nervous system (PNS) oscillations based on the bio-signals and as a function of time and stage of sleep, and characterizing at least one property of the dominant PNS oscillations, including a phase, a phase shift, an amplitude, and/or frequency. The method further include providing an indication of an optimal window for maximizing SWA generation based on the phase, the phase shift, the amplitude, or the frequency. The indication is provided to stimulation circuitry that delivers stimulation to the user within the optimal window. Feedback is provided responsive to the stimulation based on an EEG signal of the user.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device includes a body, a housing component, a band operable to attach the body to a body part of a user, and a force sensor coupled to the housing component. The force sensor is operable to produce a force signal based on a force exerted between the body part of the user and the housing component. A processing unit of the wearable electronic device receives the force signal from the force sensor and determines the force exerted on the housing component based thereon. The processing unit may use that force to determine a tightness of the band, determine health information for the user, adjust determined force exerted on a cover glass, and/or to perform various other actions.

Abstract: A medical device for assessing clinical patient deterioration in an in-patient hospital environment is provided. The medical device includes a processor and sensors that couple externally to a skin of the patient to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) and other physiologic signals. The processor is configured to receive a medical history of the patient; generate physiologic data, including ECG data, over a period of time based on one or more physiologic signals; and execute a risk assessment process associated with a clinical condition of the patient. The risk assessment process analyzes the physiologic data and the medical history of the patient to generate a risk estimate of deterioration of the patient's clinical condition.

Abstract: Sensing devices in an installation state are flexibly managed and the sensing devices are controlled appropriately. The sensing devices each include a sensor, a selection control unit, and a notification unit. The sensor measures the ambient environment to generate a measurement signal. The selection control unit controls the selection state of the sensing device in response to the measurement signal from the sensor. The notification unit issues a notification that the sensing device has been selected in a case where the selection state indicates that the sensing device has been selected.

Abstract: Systems and methods for speech-controlled or speech-enabled health monitoring of a subject are described. A device includes a substrate configured to support a subject, a plurality of non-contact sensors configured to capture acoustic signals and force signals with respect to the subject, an audio interface configured to communicate with the subject, and a processor in connection with the plurality of sensors and the audio interface. The processor configured to determine biosignals from one or more of the acoustic signals and the force signals to monitor a subject's health status, and detect presence of speech in the acoustic signals. The audio interface configured to interactively communicate with at least one of the subject or an entity associated with the subject based on at least one of an action needed due to the subject's health status and a verbal command in detected speech.

Abstract: Presented are systems and methods for the accurate acquisition of medical measurement data of a body part of patient. To assist in acquiring accurate medical measurement data, an automated diagnostic and treatment system provides instructions to the patient to allow the patient to precisely position a medical instrument in proximity to a target spot of a body part of patient. For a stethoscope examination, the steps may include utilizing object tracking to determine if the patient has moved the stethoscope to a recording site; utilizing DSP processing to confirm that the stethoscope is in operation, utilizing DSP processing to generate a pre-processed audio sample from a recorded audio signal; using machine learning (ML) to determine if a signal of interest (SOI) is present in the pre-processed sample. If SoI is present, using ML to evaluate characteristics in the signal which indicate the presence of abnormalities in the organ being measured.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device, a computer-readable medium, and techniques that provide an onboarding process and an adaptivity process for a drug delivery device. A processor executing an onboarding process determines whether a history of delivered insulin to a user meets certain sufficiency requirements. The onboarding process enables a processor to cause the drug delivery device to administer doses of insulin to a user according to an initial total daily insulin dose calculation that is determined based on the sufficiency of the insulin delivery history. The initial total daily insulin may be adapted according to the adaptivity process as new insulin delivery is collected. The insulin delivery history, when sufficient, may be used to set total daily insulin dosages that enable automated insulin delivery upon replacement of a drug delivery device. The adaptivity process may be implemented to modify an initial insulin delivery doses to provide adapted insulin delivery doses.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound is disclosed. The apparatus can include a wound dressing, a circuit board, and a sensor. The wound dressing can be positioned over a wound of a patient and absorb wound exudate from the wound. The circuit board can be incorporated in or coupled to the wound dressing and include a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the circuit board. The first conductive pathway can be electrically coupled to an electrical ground for the circuit board. The sensor can be mounted on the circuit board and output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of the patient. The first conductive pathway can protect the sensor against an electrostatic discharge.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for recording and monitoring pain are disclosed. A device may record a date and time corresponding to a pain entry, a pain type corresponding to the pain entry, and a pain intensity corresponding to the pain entry. The device may further record a pain location on a body corresponding to the pain entry. The device may also display the pain entry. In various embodiments, the device may display a graphical pain representation superimposed over the pain location on the body. The device may also read an input encircling the pain location on the body. The device may further display a plurality of pain entries in a plot relative to time.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus comprising: a plurality of data communication devices comprising a sensor operable to output contextual data associated with a wearer, a plurality of haptic energy generators operable to output a haptic energy toward skin of the wearer, and a control system operable to maintain a data feedback loop with the wearer by causing the plurality of haptic energy generators to output the haptic energy responsive to one of the contextual data and an external data source in data communication with the control system; an electrical network operable to transmit data and power between the plurality of data communication devices; and a wearable structure comprising a biocompatible material shaped to house the plurality of data communication devices and the electrical network, maintain a plurality of air gaps between the plurality of data communication devices, and define a skin contacting surface that is directly engageable with the skin.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for coordinated distribution of hairstyling products using automatic pumps connected over a computer network is described, including, identifying a customer model of a customer, and receiving a product request for the customer. Based on the product request, a product and an amount of the product is determined to be distributed and a networked pump us selected, based on the product and the amount. For the selected pump, a request for distribution for the amount of the product is generated, and the selected pump automatically distributes the amount of the product based on the request for distribution. A confirmation of a distribution of the amount of the product is received from the selected pump, and the customer model is updated based on the amount of the product distributed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surgical instrument, comprising an end effector configured to grasp tissue. The end effector comprises a jaw, and a staple cartridge seatable in the jaw, wherein the staple cartridge comprises a sensor array. The surgical instrument further comprises a power source configured to supply power to the staple cartridge, and a transmission system. The transmission system is configured to wirelessly transmit the power from the surgical instrument to the staple cartridge, monitor an efficiency of a transfer of the power from the surgical instrument to the staple cartridge, and adjust a transfer parameter based on the efficiency of the transfer.

Abstract: A method of deception detection based upon ocular information of a subject provides a video camera configured to record a close-up view of a subject's eye. A cognitive state model is configured to determine a high to a low cognitive load experienced by the subject. An emotional state model is configured to determine a high to a low state of arousal experienced by the subject. After asking a question, the ocular information is processed to identify changes in ocular signals of the subject. The cognitive state and emotional state models are evaluated based solely on the changes in ocular signals where a probability of the subject being either truthful or deceptive is estimated for a binary output.

Abstract: A closed-loop control for a medical therapeutic system is disclosed that includes one or more processes or components for/in the medical therapeutic system, a controller configured to determine whether one or more operations of the process(es) or component(s) are within a corresponding safety envelope, and one or more sensors. The process(es)/component(s) are configured to deliver a controlled amount of a substance, energy or force to a patient. The sensor(s) are configured to measure or determine a value of a measurable parameter of the process(es)/component(s) and/or effected by the operation(s), and provide the value(s) of the measurable parameter(s) to the controller. The controller determines whether each of the operation(s) are within the corresponding safety envelope according to a corresponding function that mathematically describes the operation. The safety envelope corresponds to known safe values of the measurable parameter, or an unmeasured parameter based on the measurable parameter.

Abstract: The exemplified intrinsic phase space tomography methods and systems facilitate the analysis and evaluation of complex, quasi-periodic system by generating computed phase-space tomographic images as a representation of the dynamics of the quasi-periodic cardiac systems. The computed phase-space tomographic images can be presented to a physician to assist in the assessment of presence or non-presence of disease. In some embodiments, the phase space tomographic images are used as input to a trained neural network classifier configured to assess for presence or non-presence of significant coronary artery disease.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, one or more systems, one or more methods, and/or one or more processes may determine that a user is in a presence of an information handling system (IHS); determine a digital image of a face of the user; determine an angle of the face of the user with respect to a vertical axis of a camera based at least on the digital image; determine that the face is facing a display associated with the IHS; determine an amount of time, which the user spends looking at the display; determine, via multiple sensors associated with the IHS, a heart rate and a respiratory rate associated with the user; determine that the user should move based at least on the first amount of time, the heart rate, the respiratory rate, and the angle; and display information indicating that the user should move.

Abstract: A method includes receiving monitoring data from at least one sensing device coupled to a subject and analyzing the monitoring data to identify one or more physiologic parameters of the subject. The method also includes providing signaling to at least one stimulating device in response to the identified physiologic parameters, the signaling comprising instructions to apply a stimulus to the subject. The method further includes receiving additional monitoring data from the at least one sensing device, analyzing the additional monitoring data to identify one or more changes in the one or more physiologic parameters of the subject after application of the stimulus to the subject, and providing additional signaling to the at least one stimulating device, the additional signaling comprising instructions to modify the stimulus applied to the subject based on the identified changes in the one or more physiologic parameters.

Abstract: The invention is based on a patient recruitment system (10) having at least one patient recruitment server (16), which comprises at least one search routine (70) that is provided to search for patient data records (32) on the basis of recruitment characteristics (66). It is proposed that the patient recruitment server (16) comprises a notification routine (82) which is provided to send a recruitment notification (76) regarding at least one patient data record (32) found on the basis of the recruitment characteristics (66).

Abstract: Aspects relate to systems and methods for determining actor status according to behavioral phenomena. An exemplary system includes at least an eye sensor, wherein the at least an eye sensor is configured to detect an eye parameter and at least a physiological sensor, wherein the at least a physiological sensor is configured to detect a circulatory parameter, and a processor in communication with the at least an eye speech sensor and the at least a physiological sensor and configured to determine an eye pattern as a function of the eye parameter and correlate the eye pattern and the circulatory parameter to a cognitive status.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and storage media useful in a healthcare computing platform to build and publish an integrated medical consultation report to a patient's primary electronic medical record are provided. The integrated medical consultation report presents up-to-date objective medical factors from the patient's medical record concurrently with a subjective medical summary from an authoring clinician. The integrated medical consultation report is stored as a unique medical document in the patient's primary electronic record.

Abstract: A system for classification to prognostic labels includes a classification device configured to receive a first training set including a plurality of first data entries, each including at least an element of physiological state data and at least a correlated first prognostic label and a second training set including a plurality of second data entries, each including at least a second prognostic label and at least a correlated ameliorative process label, to record at least a physiological test sample, and to transmit the prognostic and ameliorative outputs to a user device. The system includes a prognostic label learner configured to generate the prognostic output as a function of the first training set and the physiological test sample and an ameliorative process label learner configured to generate the ameliorative output as a function of the second training set and the prognostic output.

Abstract: A system for quantifying risk associated with preclinical indicators of one or more clinical skin conditions, the system is formed of a plurality of measurement tools in connection with a processor, the measurement tools configured to various pre-clinical indicators of the skin health of a subject' hand, where the processor is configured to calculate a score based on the combined data from the plurality of measurement tools, this score being representative of the subject's risk of future development of one or more clinical skin conditions.

Abstract: A computer-assisted method to timely provide notifications of treatments, the method including receiving de-identified longitudinal medical records, receiving notification data, identifying anonymized patients that received the treatment, identifying notifications for the treatment that were received by the recipients, determining, for each of the identified notifications, whether the recipient is an anonymized patient identified as having received the treatment, determining, for each of the identified notifications for the treatment determined to be received by a recipient that is an anonymized patient identified as having received the treatment, a time relationship between the time when the treatment was received by the anonymized patient and the time that the notification was received by the recipient that is the anonymized patient, and determining, for each of the anonymized patients that received the treatment, associations between one or more time relationships for notifications received by the anonymiz